Thu, 21 Aug 2008 14:20:27 BST CiteULike: tapnews's no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/tag/no-tag CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1916699 <i>Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, Vol. 19, No. 2. (1986), pp. 305-318.</i><br /><br />The authors present a method of obtaining exact isolated solutions for the class of quantum optical systems without the use of a rotating wave approximation. The method generalises the results known from the literature to the case of multilevel atomic systems. The analytical properties of the solutions in the Bargmann representation for the radiation field mode are discussed. The analogues of these solutions for atomic systems interacting with an external field are constructed. Exact isolated solutions for the class of quantum optical systems M Kus M Lewenstein doi:10.1088/0305-4470/19/2/023 Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, Vol. 19, No. 2. (1986), pp. 305-318. 2007-11-14T23:58:30-00:00 1986 Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 19 2 305 318 no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1916670 <i>Physical Review A, Vol. 42, No. 7. (1 October 1990), 4352.</i><br /><br />We examine resonance fluorescence of a two-level atom in a squeezed vacuum; under the condition that the squeezing bandwidth is much narrower than the Rabi splitting of the Mollow triplet. For a suitable choice of the relative phase between the squeezed vacuum and coherent driving field; we find significant narrowing of the Rabi peaks and inhibited population decay. These results are in marked contrast to previous broadband squeezing analyses; which predict strong broadening of the Rabi peaks and enhanced population decay. We explore the connection between our work and that on the dynamical suppression of spontaneous emission via strongly driven resonance fluorescence in a cavity [Lewenstein; Mossberg; and Glauber; Phys. Rev. Lett. 59 ; 775 (1987)]. By modifying this work to incorporate squeezing of the cavity modes; we are able to combine the features of both systems; and thereby predict strong inhibition of the decay of all three components of the Bloch vector in a possible experimental configuration. Rabi sideband narrowing via strongly driven resonance fluorescence in a narrow-bandwidth squeezed vacuum AS Parkins doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.42.4352 Physical Review A, Vol. 42, No. 7. (1 October 1990), 4352. 2007-11-14T23:50:56-00:00 1990 Physical Review A 42 7 4352 American Physical Society no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1830317 <i>Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics), Vol. 76, No. 1. (2007)</i><br /><br />We study the spectra of emission of a system composed by an atom, tightly confined inside a high-finesse resonator, when the atom is driven by a laser and is at steady state of the cooling dynamics induced by laser and cavity fields. In general, the spectrum of resonance fluorescence and the spectrum at the cavity output contain complementary information about the dynamics undergone by the system. In certain parameter regimes, quantum interference effects between the scattering processes induced by cavity and laser fields lead to the selective suppression of features of the resonance fluorescence spectrum, which are otherwise visible in the spectrum of laser-cooled atoms in free space. Resonance fluorescence of a cold atom in a high-finesse resonator Marc Bienert Mauricio Torres Stefano Zippilli Giovanna Morigi doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.76.013410 Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics), Vol. 76, No. 1. (2007) 2007-10-27T22:01:39-00:00 2007 Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics) 76 1 APS no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1830300 <i>Physical Review A, Vol. 45, No. 3. (1 February 1992), 1793.</i><br /><br />In this paper we theoretically investigate the behavior of a two-level atom in a lossless cavity driven by an external field. Using classical electrodynamics to describe the external field while quantizing the cavity field; we find that the cavity field is excited to a coherent state whose amplitude is equal to that of the external field; but shifted 180° in phase. This results in the disappearance of the atomic resonance fluorescence (i.e.; the atom stops interacting with the fields). When we quantize the external field the effect persists. A fully quantized dressed-state approach provides some helpful insight and a nice analogy to another problem in which the resonance fluorescence vanishes. Suppression of fluorescence in a lossless cavity PM Alsing DA Cardimona HJ Carmichael doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.45.1793 Physical Review A, Vol. 45, No. 3. (1 February 1992), 1793. 2007-10-27T21:49:22-00:00 1992 Physical Review A 45 3 1793 American Physical Society no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1830296 <i>Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics), Vol. 70, No. 3. (2004)</i><br /><br />We measure the dephasing time of the exciton ground-state transition in In1–xGaxAs quantum dots using a sensitive four-wave mixing technique. We find experimental evidence that the dephasing time is given only by the radiative lifetime at low temperatures. We demonstrate the tunability of the radiatively limited dephasing time from 400  ps up to 2  ns in a series of annealed In1–xGaxAs quantum dots with increasing quantum-confinement energy from 69  meV  to  330  meV. Radiatively limited dephasing in InAs quantum dots W Langbein P Borri U Woggon V Stavarache D Reuter AD Wieck doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.70.033301 Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics), Vol. 70, No. 3. (2004) 2007-10-27T21:46:30-00:00 2004 Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics) 70 3 APS no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1830293 <i>Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics), Vol. 73, No. 23. (2006)</i><br /><br />We report that >80% of the photons generated inside a photonic crystal slab resonator can be funneled within a small divergence angle of ±30°. The far-field radiation properties of a photonic crystal slab resonant mode are modified by tuning the cavity geometry and by placing a reflector below the cavity. The former method directly shapes the near-field distribution so as to achieve directional and linearly polarized far-field patterns. The latter modification takes advantage of the interference effect between the original waves and the reflected waves to enhance the energy directionality. We find that, regardless of the slab thickness, the optimum distance between the slab and the reflector closely equals one wavelength of the resonance under consideration. We have also discussed an efficient far-field simulation algorithm based on the finite-difference time-domain method and the near- to far-field transformation. Vertical beaming of wavelength-scale photonic crystal resonators Se Kim Sun Kim Yong Lee doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.73.235117 Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics), Vol. 73, No. 23. (2006) 2007-10-27T21:44:40-00:00 2006 Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics) 73 23 APS no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1830286 <i>Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics), Vol. 73, No. 3. (2006)</i><br /><br />The optical scattering force, behind Doppler cooling and magneto-optical trapping, may be amplified without incurring additional spontaneous emission by the state-dependent coherent deflection produced by a pulsed or chirped laser field. At some cost in experimental complexity, amplified forces allow efficient cooling on narrow transitions and permit the compact deceleration of beams with reduced transverse heating, and will be of interest for molecules and atoms with open level schemes where losses following spontaneous emission would otherwise prevail. We present a general analysis of the amplification scheme, and propose an optimized, dynamic cooling scheme that allows the temperature of a sample to be reduced by around a factor of two per excited state lifetime. Coherent amplification in laser cooling and trapping Tim Freegarde Geoff Daniell Danny Segal doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.73.033409 Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics), Vol. 73, No. 3. (2006) 2007-10-27T21:40:41-00:00 2006 Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics) 73 3 APS no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1830281 <i>Optics Communications, Vol. 167, No. 1-6. (15 August 1999), pp. 155-158.</i><br /><br />We report on the efficient intracavity doubling of a 946 nm Nd:YAG laser with an LBO crystal at room temperature. A CW single-ended output power of 103 mW at 473 nm is obtained at a pump power of 2.58 W with an optical conversion efficiency of 4.0%. The overall efficiency is 7.2% if blue light output from both directions is taken into account. To our knowledge, this is the highest efficiency to date for a diode laser pumped compact Nd:YAG blue laser with a simple flat-concave resonator using a bulk nonlinear crystal for intracavity doubling. Efficient blue light generation from a diode laser pumped Nd:YAG laser CQ Wang L Reekie YT Chow WA Gambling doi:10.1016/S0030-4018(99)00316-8 Optics Communications, Vol. 167, No. 1-6. (15 August 1999), pp. 155-158. 2007-10-27T21:37:59-00:00 1999 Optics Communications 167 1-6 155 158 no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1830274 <i>Optics Communications, Vol. 157, No. 1-6. (1 December 1998), pp. 155-160.</i><br /><br />We report on a lithium triborate (LBO) second harmonic generator delivering up to 6-[mu]W usable power at 397 nm out of 33 mW of a 794-nm diode laser radiation. The LBO crystal is placed in an external ring cavity, compensated for astigmatism and coma, to enhance the fundamental power. Three cavity input couplers were tested for impedance-matching. With the best cavity, the enhancement factor of 1.5 is measured for 794-nm radiation, leading to an enhancement factor of 225 for the 397-nm beam. Ring cavity enhanced second harmonic generation of a diode laser using LBO crystal T Kaing M Houssin doi:10.1016/S0030-4018(98)00508-2 Optics Communications, Vol. 157, No. 1-6. (1 December 1998), pp. 155-160. 2007-10-27T21:34:31-00:00 1998 Optics Communications 157 1-6 155 160 no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1830270 <i>Optics Communications, Vol. 199, No. 5-6. (1 December 2001), pp. 435-446.</i> On the design of enhancement cavities for second harmonic generation Tim Freegarde Claus Zimmermann doi:10.1016/S0030-4018(01)01584-X Optics Communications, Vol. 199, No. 5-6. (1 December 2001), pp. 435-446. 2007-10-27T21:31:49-00:00 2001 Optics Communications 199 5-6 435 446 no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1187497 <i>Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 18, No. 5. (May 2007), pp. 1447-1452.</i> A novel control system for automatically locking a diode laser frequency to a selected gas absorption line Dong Lei Yin Wangbao Weiguang Jia Suotang doi:10.1088/0957-0233/18/5/033 Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 18, No. 5. (May 2007), pp. 1447-1452. 2007-03-26T07:11:21-00:00 2007 Measurement Science and Technology 0957-0233 18 5 1447 1452 Institute of Physics Publishing no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1830257 <i>Opt. Express, Vol. 15, No. 12. (11 June 2007), pp. 7303-7318.</i><br /><br />We derive general conditions for 100% frequency conversion in any doubly resonant nonlinear cavity, for both second- and third-harmonic generation via Χ (2) and Χ (3) nonlinearities. We find that conversion efficiency is optimized for a certain “critical” power depending on the cavity parameters, and assuming reasonable parameters we predict 100% conversion using milliwatts of power or less. These results follow from a semi-analytical coupled-mode theory framework which is generalized from previous work to include both Χ (2) and Χ (3) media as well as inhomogeneous (fully vectorial) cavities, analyzed in the high-efficiency limit where down-conversion processes lead to a maximum efficiency at the critical power, and which is verified by direct finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations of the nonlinear Maxwell equations. Explicit formulas for the nonlinear coupling coefficients are derived in terms of the linear cavity eigenmodes, which can be used to design and evaluate cavities in arbitrary geometries. ?(2) and ?(3) harmonic generation at a critical power in inhomogeneous doublyresonant cavities Alejandro Rodriguez Marin Soljacic JD Joannopoulos Steven Johnson Opt. Express, Vol. 15, No. 12. (11 June 2007), pp. 7303-7318. 2007-10-27T21:21:48-00:00 2007 Opt. Express 15 12 7303 7318 OSA no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1830250 <i>Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 78, No. 7. (2001), pp. 871-873.</i><br /><br />A continuous-wave pump-enhanced singly resonant optical parametric oscillator (OPO) directly pumped by a grating-stabilized external-cavity diode laser operating at 810 nm is described. The OPO was based on periodically poled LiNbO3 and could be tuned over 1.06–1.19 µm at the signal and 2.58–3.44 µm at the idler. The OPO threshold was typically 25–30 mW over the observed tuning range. Up to 4 mW of one-directional idler output was obtained for 62 mW of external-cavity diode laser pump power. The high stability of the external-cavity diode-laser pump source allowed locked, single-mode OPO operation for periods of greater than 1 h. ©2001 American Institute of Physics. Continuous-wave pump-enhanced singly resonant optical parametric oscillator pumped by an extended-cavity diode laser ID Lindsay C Petridis MH Dunn M Ebrahimzadeh doi:10.1063/1.1345833 Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 78, No. 7. (2001), pp. 871-873. 2007-10-27T21:16:52-00:00 2001 Applied Physics Letters 78 7 871 873 AIP no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1830242 <i>Physical Review Letters, Vol. 78, No. 17. (28 April 1997), 3370.</i><br /><br />Detailed measurements of the voltage; temperature; and frequency dependence of the nonequilibrium current fluctuations for a diffusive mesoscopic conductor are reported. The data confirm predictions that a mesoscopic conductor shorter than the electron-electron inelastic length will display shot noise. Furthermore; the low temperatures (100 mK) and high frequencies (1–20 GHz) used for the measurements allow tests in the high-frequency regime (i.e.; h ν≫ eV and kT ) of the shot noise; which clearly show the influence of vacuum fluctuations. The quantum noise causes a high-frequency “cutoff” in the shot noise; i.e.; the noise is independent of bias voltage for frequencies ν > eV / h . Frequency Dependence of Shot Noise in a Diffusive Mesoscopic Conductor RJ Schoelkopf PJ Burke AA Kozhevnikov DE Prober MJ Rooks doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.3370 Physical Review Letters, Vol. 78, No. 17. (28 April 1997), 3370. 2007-10-27T21:11:41-00:00 1997 Physical Review Letters 78 17 3370 American Physical Society no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1830229 <i>Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 79, No. 18. (2001), pp. 2865-2867.</i><br /><br />We report the fabrication of a single-mode solid-state single photon source, based on an isolated InAs quantum dot (QD) on resonance with the fundamental mode of a pillar microcavity. Photon correlation experiments under pulsed excitation reveal a clear antibunching behavior. We show that a preparation of the single photons in a given quantum state (same spatial mode, same polarization) can be obtained by placing a QD in resonance with the nondegenerate fundamental mode of an elliptical micropillar. ©2001 American Institute of Physics. Single-mode solid-state single photon source based on isolated quantum dots in pillar microcavities E Moreau I Robert JM Gérard I Abram L Manin Thierry Mieg doi:10.1063/1.1415346 Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 79, No. 18. (2001), pp. 2865-2867. 2007-10-27T21:06:09-00:00 2001 Applied Physics Letters 79 18 2865 2867 AIP no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1830206 <i>Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 90, No. 10. (2007)</i><br /><br />The authors investigate the nonlinear and bistable behavior of a high-Q GaAs photonic crystal heterostructure nanocavity, side coupled to a line-defect slab waveguide. The observations agree well with a model incorporating the relevant nonlinearities. The power threshold for bistable behavior is at least one order of magnitude lower than what is reported so far. ©2007 American Institute of Physics Nonlinear and bistable behavior of an ultrahigh-Q GaAs photonic crystal nanocavity Evelin Weidner Sylvain Combrié Alfredo de Rossi Nguyen Simone Cassette doi:10.1063/1.2712502 Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 90, No. 10. (2007) 2007-10-27T20:55:27-00:00 2007 Applied Physics Letters 90 10 AIP no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1830187 <i>Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 91, No. 7. (2007)</i><br /><br />In this letter, the authors observe high quality (Q up to 20 000) whispering gallery modes (WGMs) with small modal volumes V~0.3  µm3 in 4–5  µm Al(Ga)As/GaAs micropillars by employing an experimental geometry in which both excitation and collection of emission are in a direction normal to the sidewalls of the pillars. They show that WGMs provide at least two times larger values of the figure of merit for strong coupling applications Q/ compared to “photonic dot” states in pillars with comparable size. ©2007 American Institute of Physics Whispering gallery resonances in semiconductor micropillars VN Astratov S Yang S Lam BD Jones D Sanvitto DM Whittaker AM Fox MS Skolnick A Tahraoui PW Fry M Hopkinson doi:10.1063/1.2771373 Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 91, No. 7. (2007) 2007-10-27T20:46:22-00:00 2007 Applied Physics Letters 91 7 AIP no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1555768 <i>Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 90, No. 25. (2007)</i><br /><br />The authors report on AlAs/GaAs micropillar cavities with unprecedented quality factors based on high reflectivity distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs). Due to an increased number of mirror pairs in the DBRs and an optimized etching process record quality (Q) factors up to 165.000 are observed for micropillars with diameters of 4  µm. Optical studies reveal a very small ellipticity of 5×10−4 of the pillar cross section. Because of the high Q factors, strong coupling with a vacuum Rabi splitting of 23  µeV is observed for micropillars with a diameter of 3  µm. ©2007 American Institute of Physics AlAs/GaAs micropillar cavities with quality factors exceeding 150.000 S Reitzenstein C Hofmann A Gorbunov M Strau\ss SH Kwon C Schneider A Löffler S Höfling M Kamp A Forchel doi:10.1063/1.2749862 Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 90, No. 25. (2007) 2007-08-12T10:15:49-00:00 2007 Applied Physics Letters 90 25 AIP no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1830061 <i>J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, Vol. 9, No. 11. (1 November 1992), 2122.</i> Measurement of diode laser characteristics affecting tunability with an external grating GY Yan Arthur Schawlow J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, Vol. 9, No. 11. (1 November 1992), 2122. 2007-10-27T19:52:01-00:00 1992 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 9 11 2122 OSA no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1830030 <i>Appl. Opt., Vol. 44 (June 2005), pp. 3675-3685.</i><br /><br />We present a new approach for extended-cavity diode-laser tuning to achieve wide mode-hop-free tuning ranges. By using a multiple piezoactuated grating mount, the cavity length and grating angle in the laser can be adjusted independently, allowing mode-hop-free tuning without the need for a mechanically optimized pivot-point mount. Furthermore, synchronized diode injection-current tuning allows diode lasers without antireflection coatings to be employed. In combination these two techniques make the construction of a cheap, efficient, and easily optimized extended-cavity diode laser possible. A theoretical analysis is presented for optimal control of piezoactuator displacements and injection current to achieve the widest possible mode-hop-free tuning ranges, and a comparison is made with measurements. The scheme is demonstrated for blue and violet GaN lasers operating at ~450 nm and ~410 nm, for which continuous tuning ranges exceeding 90 GHz have been achieved. Examples of applications of these lasers are also given. Wide-bandwidth mode-hop-free tuning of extended-cavity GaN diode lasers J Hult IS Burns CF Kaminski Appl. Opt., Vol. 44 (June 2005), pp. 3675-3685. 2007-10-27T19:37:45-00:00 2005 Appl. Opt. 44 3675 3685 no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1830029 <i>Electronics Letters, Vol. 22, No. 15. (1986), pp. 795-796.</i><br /><br />A 1.26 ¿m optical amplifier with a facet modal reflectivity below 0.0001 has been used in a 58 mm-long grating external cavity. The lasing wavelength has been continuously tuned without mode hopping over a range of 15 nm by combined translation-rotation of the diffraction grating. A linewidth of 20 kHz has been derived from heterodyne beat frequency measurements between two tunable external-cavity lasers. External-cavity semiconductor laser with 15 nm continuous tuning range F Favre Le JC Simon B Landousies Electronics Letters, Vol. 22, No. 15. (1986), pp. 795-796. 2007-10-27T19:37:07-00:00 1986 Electronics Letters 22 15 795 796 no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1830023 <i>Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 69, No. 3. (1998), pp. 1236-1239.</i><br /><br />Operating a laser diode in an extended cavity which provides frequency-selective feedback is a very effective method of reducing the laser's linewidth and improving its tunability. We have developed an extremely simple laser of this type, built from inexpensive commercial components with only a few minor modifications. A 780 nm laser built to this design has an output power of 80 mW, a linewidth of 350 kHz, and it has been continuously locked to a Doppler-free rubidium transition for several days. ©1998 American Institute of Physics. A simple extended-cavity diode laser AS Arnold JS Wilson MG Boshier doi:10.1063/1.1148756 Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 69, No. 3. (1998), pp. 1236-1239. 2007-10-27T19:34:42-00:00 1998 Review of Scientific Instruments 69 3 1236 1239 AIP no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1830020 <i>Appl. Opt., Vol. 27, No. 13. (1 July 1988), pp. 2688-2693.</i><br /><br />Detection of CO2 and CO at 1.58gum (6322 cm-') using an InGaAsP diode laser and mode control is described. Mode control is a technique whereby a short cavity, external to the laser, is used to force the laser to operate in a single mode. By monitoring the voltage across the terminals of the laser and using electronic feedback it is possible to optimize continually the external cavity so that the laser operates reliably in the mode of choice for scans >3.5 cm-1. This technique offers the possibility of high-sensitivity detection over a region of'-30 cm 1 with continuous coverage in overlapping sections of "3 cm-1 with conventional (and hence inexpensive) multimode diode lasers. Trace gas detection with short-external-cavity InGaAsP diode laser transmitter modules operating at 1.58 um Daniel Cassidy Lee Bonnell Appl. Opt., Vol. 27, No. 13. (1 July 1988), pp. 2688-2693. 2007-10-27T19:33:07-00:00 1988 Appl. Opt. 27 13 2688 2693 OSA no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1829997 <i>(30 Nov 2005)</i><br /><br />We present a system of room-temperature extended-cavity grating-diode lasers (ECDL) for production of light in the range 760-790nm. The extension of the tuning range towards the blue is permitted by the weak feedback in the cavity: the diodes are anti-reflection coated, and the grating has just 10% reflectance. The light is then amplified using semiconductor tapered amplifiers to give more than 400mW of power. The outputs are shown to be suitable for atomic physics experiments with potassium (767nm), rubidium (780nm) or both, of particular relevance to doubly-degenerate boson-fermion mixtures. Tapered-amplified AR-coated laser diodes for Potassium and Rubidium atomic-physics experiments Robert Nyman Gael Varoquaux Brice Villier Delphine Sacchet Fr&#xe9;d&#xe9;ric Moron Yann Le Coq Alain Aspect Philippe Bouyer (30 Nov 2005) 2007-10-27T19:20:41-00:00 2005 no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1829996 <i>(9 Mar 2007)</i><br /><br />This paper examines the difference and similarities between the two on-line computer science citation databases DBLP and CiteSeer. The database entries in DBLP are inserted manually while the CiteSeer entries are obtained autonomously via a crawl of the Web and automatic processing of user submissions. CiteSeer's autonomous citation database can be considered a form of self-selected on-line survey. It is important to understand the limitations of such databases, particularly when citation information is used to assess the performance of authors, institutions and funding bodies. We show that the CiteSeer database contains considerably fewer single author papers. This bias can be modeled by an exponential process with intuitive explanation. The model permits us to predict that the DBLP database covers approximately 24% of the entire literature of Computer Science. CiteSeer is also biased against low-cited papers. Despite their difference, both databases exhibit similar and significantly different citation distributions compared with previous analysis of the Physics community. In both databases, we also observe that the number of authors per paper has been increasing over time. A Comparison of On-Line Computer Science Citation Databases Vaclav Petricek Ingemar Cox Hui Han Isaac Councill Lee Giles (9 Mar 2007) 2007-10-27T19:20:29-00:00 2007 no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1829995 <i>(10 Sep 2007)</i><br /><br />We present and investigate different external cavity diode laser (ECDL) configurations for the manipulation of neutrals atoms, wavelength-stabilized by a narrow-band high transmission interference filter. A novel diode laser, providing high output power of more than 1 W, with a linewidth of less than 200 kHz, based on a self-seeded tapered amplifier chip has been developed. Additionally, we compare the optical and spectral properties of two laser systems based on common laser diodes, differing in their coating, as well as one, based on a distributed-feedback (DFB) diode. The linear cavity setup in all these systems combines a robust and compact design with a high wavelength tunability and an improved stability of the optical feedback compared to diode laser setups using diffraction gratings for wavelength discrimination. Narrow bandwidth interference filter-stabilized diode laser systems for the manipulation of neutral atoms M Gilowski Ch M Zaiser W Herr T W&#xfc;bbena T Wendrich T M&#xfc;ller EM Rasel W Ertmer (10 Sep 2007) 2007-10-27T19:20:07-00:00 2007 no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1829989 <i>(2 Oct 2007)</i><br /><br />We present a painless, almost-free upgrade to present extended cavity diode lasers (ECDLs), which improves the long term mode-hop free performance by stabilizing the resonance of the internal cavity to the external cavity. This stabilization is based on the observation that the frequency or amplitude noise of the ECDL is lowest at the optimum laser diode temperature or injection current. Thus, keeping the diode current at the level where the noise is lowest ensures mode-hop free operation within one of the stable regions of the mode chart, even if these should drift due to external influences. This method can be applied directly to existing laser systems without modifying the optical setup. We demonstrate the method in two ECDLs stabilized to vapor cells at 852 nm and 895 nm wavelength. We achieve long term mode-hop free operation and low noise at low power consumption, even with an inexpensive non-antireflection coated diode. Extended cavity diode lasers with tracked resonances Sheng-Wey Chiow Quan Long Christoph Vo Holger Mueller Steven Chu (2 Oct 2007) 2007-10-27T19:18:12-00:00 2007 no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1829956 <i>(12 Oct 2007)</i><br /><br />In this paper, we give a complete study of the dynamics followed by an initially excited two-level system embedded in a monomode cavity, in the general case where the emitter and the cavity have different linewidths and frequencies. We deduce the exact expressions of the spectra emitted by the atom and the cavity. We evidence that even if the atom and the cavity are strongly detuned, photons can be emitted at the cavity frequency with a significant probability. This feature can be observed in a wide range of experimental systems. Dynamics and spontaneous emission spectrum of a two-level atom in a very high finesse cavity Alexia Auff&#xe8;ves Benjamin Besga Jean-Michel G&#xe9;rard Jean-Philippe Poizat (12 Oct 2007) 2007-10-27T19:06:30-00:00 2007 no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1829922 <i>Physical Review A, Vol. 54, No. 3. (1996), R1777.</i><br /><br />We report on the realization of a whispering-gallery-mode laser based on neodymium-doped silica microspheres. Absorbed pump powers at threshold are as low as 200 nW. The linear variation of the threshold with the loss factor of the cavity mode has also been observed. We discuss the potential of this system as a permanent microlaser operating with a few active ions at liquid-helium temperature. Very low threshold whispering-gallery-mode microsphere laser V Sandoghdar F Treussart J Hare V Lefèvre-Seguin Raimond S Haroche doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.54.R1777 Physical Review A, Vol. 54, No. 3. (1996), R1777. 2007-10-27T18:57:27-00:00 1996 Physical Review A 54 3 R1777 American Physical Society no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1267965 <i>Physical Review B, Vol. 60, No. 19. (15 November 1999), 13276.</i><br /><br />A study of quantum box transitions coupled to three-dimensionally confined photonic modes in pillar microcavities is presented; focusing on the conditions for achieving a vacuum-field Rabi splitting. For a single InAs quantum box the oscillator strength is a factor of ten too small for being in strong coupling. A calculation of exciton states localized to monolayer fluctuations in quantum wells leads to much larger values of the oscillator strengths. Single localized excitons embedded in state-of-the-art micropillars can be in strong-coupling regime with a vacuum-field Rabi splitting. Strong-coupling regime for quantum boxes in pillar microcavities: Theory Lucio Andreani Giovanna Panzarini Jean-Michel Gérard doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.60.13276 Physical Review B, Vol. 60, No. 19. (15 November 1999), 13276. 2007-04-30T13:39:26-00:00 1999 Physical Review B 60 19 13276 American Physical Society no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1280504 <i>Physical Review A, Vol. 40, No. 10. (15 November 1989), 5516.</i><br /><br />We calculate the spontaneous-emission spectrum and the spectrum of weakly driven fluorescence for a two-level atom coupled to a resonant-cavity mode. For strong atom-cavity coupling the spectra split into two peaks that can have subnatural linewidths. If the cavity linewidth is negligible; the spontaneous-emission spectrum has half the radiative linewidth of the atom; the spectrum of weakly driven fluorescence shows an additional 36% squeezing-induced narrowing. These effects can be observed using coupled-field and collective-polarization oscillators excited in a cavity containing N two-level atoms. Subnatural linewidth averaging for coupled atomic and cavity-mode oscillators HJ Carmichael RJ Brecha MG Raizen HJ Kimble PR Rice doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.40.5516 Physical Review A, Vol. 40, No. 10. (15 November 1989), 5516. 2007-05-06T11:19:23-00:00 1989 Physical Review A 40 10 5516 American Physical Society no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/821685 <i>Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, No. 8. (2006)</i><br /><br />Localization to the ground state of axial motion is demonstrated for a single, trapped atom strongly coupled to the field of a high finesse optical resonator. The axial atomic motion is cooled by way of coherent Raman transitions on the red vibrational sideband. An efficient state detection scheme enabled by strong coupling in cavity QED is used to record the Raman spectrum, from which the state of atomic motion is inferred. We find that the lowest vibrational level of the axial potential with zero-point energy a/2kB=13 µK is occupied with probability P00.95. Cooling to the Ground State of Axial Motion for One Atom Strongly Coupled to an Optical Cavity AD Boozer A Boca R Miller TE Northup HJ Kimble doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.083602 Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, No. 8. (2006) 2006-08-30T02:00:52-00:00 2006 Physical Review Letters 97 8 APS no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1814879 <i>Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics), Vol. 74, No. 4. (2006)</i><br /><br />This paper demonstrates switching of a single signal photon by a single gating photon of a different frequency, via a cross-phase-modulation. This effect is mediated by materials exhibiting electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), which are embedded in photonic crystals (PhCs). An analytical model based on waveguide-cavity QED is constructed for our system, which consists of a PhC waveguide and a PhC microcavity containing a four-level EIT atom. It is solved exactly and analyzed using experimentally accessible parameters. It is found that the strong coupling regime is required for lossless two-photon quantum entanglement. Single-photon all-optical switching using waveguide-cavity quantum electrodynamics Peter Bermel Alejandro Rodriguez Steven Johnson John Joannopoulos Marin Soljacic doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.74.043818 Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics), Vol. 74, No. 4. (2006) 2007-10-24T09:59:10-00:00 2006 Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics) 74 4 APS no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1466692 <i>International Journal of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 46, No. 5. (May 2007), pp. 1215-1228.</i> Cavity-QED Tests of Representations of Canonical Commutation Relations Employed in Field Quantization Czachor Marek Wilczewski Marcin doi:10.1007/s10773-006-9267-0 International Journal of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 46, No. 5. (May 2007), pp. 1215-1228. 2007-07-19T07:25:05-00:00 2007 International Journal of Theoretical Physics 0020-7748 46 5 1215 1228 Springer no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1814840 <i>Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Vol. 38, No. 9. (2005), pp. S551-S565.</i><br /><br />On the occasion of the hundredth anniversary of Albert Einstein's annus mirabilis, we reflect on the development and current state of research in cavity quantum electrodynamics in the optical domain. Cavity QED is a field which undeniably traces its origins to Einstein's seminal work on the statistical theory of light and the nature of its quantized interaction with matter. In this paper, we emphasize the development of techniques for the confinement of atoms strongly coupled to high-finesse resonators and the experiments which these techniques enable. Trapped atoms in cavity QED: coupling quantized light and matter R Miller TE Northup KM Birnbaum A Boca AD Boozer HJ Kimble doi:10.1088/0953-4075/38/9/007 Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Vol. 38, No. 9. (2005), pp. S551-S565. 2007-10-24T09:45:13-00:00 2005 Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 38 9 S551 S565 no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1811056 <i>Physical Review, Vol. 138, No. 4B. (24 May 1965), B979.</i><br /><br />The interaction of a quantum system with an oscillating field is studied in a formalism which replaces the semiclassical time-dependent Hamiltonian with a time-independent Hamiltonian represented by an infinite matrix. The formalism is developed as a mathematical equivalent to the semiclassical treatment; and interpreted as a classical approximation to the quantum treatment of the field. Combined with a perturbation theory for two nearly degenerate states; the formalism provides a convenient method for determining resonance transition probabilities including frequency shifts and multiple quantum transitions. The theory is illustrated by a detailed study of the simple case of a two-state system excited by a strong oscillating field. Solution of the Schrödinger Equation with a Hamiltonian Periodic in Time Jon Shirley doi:10.1103/PhysRev.138.B979 Physical Review, Vol. 138, No. 4B. (24 May 1965), B979. 2007-10-23T15:00:08-00:00 1965 Physical Review 138 4B B979 American Physical Society no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1811035 <i>Physical Review Letters, Vol. 88, No. 17. (16 April 2002), 170409.</i><br /><br />The ground state of bosonic atoms in a trap has been shown experimentally to display Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). We prove this fact theoretically for bosons with two-body repulsive interaction potentials in the dilute limit; starting from the basic Schrödinger equation; the condensation is 100% into the state that minimizes the Gross-Pitaevskii energy functional. This is the first rigorous proof of BEC in a physically realistic; continuum model. Proof of Bose-Einstein Condensation for Dilute Trapped Gases Elliott Lieb Robert Seiringer doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.170409 Physical Review Letters, Vol. 88, No. 17. (16 April 2002), 170409. 2007-10-23T14:55:15-00:00 2002 Physical Review Letters 88 17 170409 American Physical Society no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1810953 <i>Nature, Vol. 413, No. 6855. (4 October 2001), pp. 498-501.</i> Bose-Einstein condensation on a microelectronic chip W Hansel P Hommelhoff TW Hansch J Reichel doi:10.1038/35097032 Nature, Vol. 413, No. 6855. (4 October 2001), pp. 498-501. 2007-10-23T14:51:36-00:00 2001 Nature 413 6855 498 501 no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1810835 <i>The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 104, No. 6. (1996), pp. 2129-2135.</i><br /><br />We present a method for recovering Doppler broadened absorption line shapes from frequency modulated (FM) line spectra. The method of analysis is calibrated and demonstrated with thermalized CN radicals produced by photodissociation of cyanogen (NCCN), probed on the A–X system near 800 nm with a frequency modulated Ti: sapphire ring laser. Nonthermal, Doppler broadened lines from translationally nascent photofragments can also be recovered by direct transformations of experimental FM line profiles acquired with a time resolution exceeding 100 ns. The superior signal-to-noise afforded by FM spectroscopy, relative to other direct absorption methods, should encourage the application of transient FM spectroscopy to problems in photoinitiated reaction dynamics. ©1996 American Institute of Physics. Line shape analysis of Doppler broadened frequency-modulated line spectra Simon North Xiaonan Zheng Ruian Fei Gregory Hall doi:10.1063/1.470969 The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 104, No. 6. (1996), pp. 2129-2135. 2007-10-23T14:08:42-00:00 1996 The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 6 2129 2135 AIP no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1234786 <i>Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics), Vol. 74, No. 2. (2006)</i><br /><br />We propose a two-qubit collisional phase gate that can be implemented with available atom chip technology and present a detailed theoretical analysis of its performance. The gate is based on earlier phase gate schemes, but uses a qubit state pair with an experimentally demonstrated, very long coherence lifetime. Microwave near fields play a key role in our implementation as a means to realize the state-dependent potentials required for conditional dynamics. Quantum control algorithms are used to optimize gate performance. We employ circuit configurations that can be built with current fabrication processes and extensively discuss the impact of technical noise and imperfections that characterize an actual atom chip. We find an overall infidelity compatible with requirements for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Microwave potentials and optimal control for robust quantum gates on an atom chip Philipp Treutlein Theodor Hansch Jakob Reichel Antonio Negretti Markus Cirone Tommaso Calarco doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.74.022312 Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics), Vol. 74, No. 2. (2006) 2007-04-18T19:23:13-00:00 2006 Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics) 74 2 APS no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1810158 <i>Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 65, No. 5. (1994), pp. 525-527.</i><br /><br />Frequency doubling of diode laser radiation was achieved by operating an AR-coated diode laser in an extended laser cavity which contained a monolithic potassium niobate frequency doubling resonator as an intracavity element. Extended cavity operation ensured that the diode laser would oscillate only at frequencies that were resonant with the intracavity resonator. A diffraction grating was used to ensure single mode oscillation at the wavelength needed for noncritically phase-matched second harmonic generation. At 100 mA of injection current to the GaAlAs diode laser, 14 mW of 429 nm light were produced. Applied Physics Letters is copyrighted by The American Institute of Physics. Blue light generation by resonator-enhanced frequency doubling of an extended-cavity diode laser WJ Kozlovsky WP Risk W Lenth BG Kim GL Bona H Jaeckel DJ Webb doi:10.1063/1.112286 Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 65, No. 5. (1994), pp. 525-527. 2007-10-23T10:22:16-00:00 1994 Applied Physics Letters 65 5 525 527 AIP no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1809656 <i>Laser & Photonics Review, Vol. 1, No. 1. (2007), pp. 12-23.</i><br /><br />We review recent experimental progress towards quantum information processing and precision force sensing using neutral atoms in micro traps. Microscopic potential structures as generated by optical or electronic microstructures (micro traps) allow for a versatile manipulation of quantum states of atoms and of ultracold atomic quantum gases. Most recent experimental results include the implementation of single-qubit-operations in both, optical and magnetic micro traps, as well as in the demonstration of matter-wave interferometer using Bose-Einstein condensates coherently split in micro traps. Micro traps for quantum information processing and precision force sensing G Birkl J Fortágh doi:10.1002/lpor.200610002 Laser & Photonics Review, Vol. 1, No. 1. (2007), pp. 12-23. 2007-10-23T08:16:55-00:00 2007 Laser & Photonics Review 1 1 12 23 no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1809634 <i>Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 88, No. 7. (2006)</i><br /><br />Concave pyramids are created in the (100) surface of a silicon wafer by anisotropic etching in potassium hydroxide. High quality micromirrors are then formed by sputtering gold onto the smooth silicon (111) faces of the pyramids. These mirrors show great promise as high quality optical devices suitable for integration into micro-optoelectromechanical systems and atom chips. We have shown that structures of this shape can be used to laser-cool and hold atoms in a magneto-optical trap. ©2006 American Institute of Physics Pyramidal micromirrors for microsystems and atom chips M Trupke Ramirez Martinez EA Curtis JP Ashmore S Eriksson EA Hinds Z Moktadir C Gollasch M Kraft Vijaya Prakash JJ Baumberg doi:10.1063/1.2172412 Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 88, No. 7. (2006) 2007-10-23T08:13:51-00:00 2006 Applied Physics Letters 88 7 AIP no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1809632 <i>Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 89, No. 11. (2006)</i><br /><br />The development of a fiber-based, tunable optical cavity with open access is reported. The cavity is of the Fabry-Pérot type and is formed with miniature spherical mirrors positioned on the end of single- or multimode optical fibers by a transfer technique, which involves lifting a high-quality mirror from a smooth convex substrate, either a ball lens or microlens. The cavities typically have a finesse of ~1000 and a mode volume of 600  µm3. The detection of small ensembles of cold Rb atoms guided through such a cavity on an atom chip is demonstrated. ©2006 American Institute of Physics Stable fiber-based Fabry-P[e-acute]rot cavity T Steinmetz Y Colombe D Hunger TW Hänsch A Balocchi RJ Warburton J Reichel doi:10.1063/1.2347892 Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 89, No. 11. (2006) 2007-10-23T08:13:44-00:00 2006 Applied Physics Letters 89 11 AIP no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1809631 <i>Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, No. 2. (2006)</i><br /><br />We use an optical cavity to detect single atoms magnetically trapped on an atom chip. We implement the detection using both fluorescence into the cavity and atom-induced reduction in cavity transmission. In fluorescence, we register 2.0(2) photon counts per atom, which allows us to detect single atoms with 75% efficiency in 250 µs. In absorption, we measure transmission attenuation of 3.3(3)% per atom, which allows us to count small numbers of atoms with a resolution of about 1 atom. Resonator-Aided Single-Atom Detection on a Microfabricated Chip Igor Teper Yu Lin Vladan Vuletic doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.023002 Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, No. 2. (2006) 2007-10-23T08:13:38-00:00 2006 Physical Review Letters 97 2 APS no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1809630 <i>Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics), Vol. 75, No. 1. (2007)</i><br /><br />We discuss the fabrication and characterization of fiber Fabry-Perot cavities developed for integrated atom detection on the atom chip. Investigations show that the cavities are suitable for the detection of small numbers of atoms, with restrictions due to absorption in the Bragg gratings. We show that a significant reduction in these absorption losses can be attained by thermal annealing, removing any material limitations to single-atom detection. Fiber Bragg gratings for atom chips Steve Helsby Costantino Corbari Morten Ibsen Peter Horak Peter Kazansky doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.75.013618 Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics), Vol. 75, No. 1. (2007) 2007-10-23T08:13:37-00:00 2007 Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics) 75 1 APS no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1053925 <i>Physical Review Letters, Vol. 98, No. 3. (2007)</i><br /><br />We present an experiment where a single molecule strongly affects the amplitude and phase of a laser field emerging from a subwavelength aperture. We achieve a visibility of −6% in direct and +10% in cross-polarized detection schemes. Our analysis shows that a close to full extinction should be possible using near-field excitation. Strong Extinction of a Laser Beam by a Single Molecule I Gerhardt G Wrigge P Bushev G Zumofen M Agio R Pfab V Sandoghdar doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.033601 Physical Review Letters, Vol. 98, No. 3. (2007) 2007-01-19T18:25:27-00:00 2007 Physical Review Letters 98 3 APS no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1806383 <i>Physical Review Letters, Vol. 99, No. 6. (2007)</i><br /><br />A microfabricated Fabry-Perot optical resonator has been used for atom detection and photon production with less than 1 atom on average in the cavity mode. Our cavity design combines the intrinsic scalability of microfabrication processes with direct coupling of the cavity field to single-mode optical waveguides or fibers. The presence of the atom is seen through changes in both the intensity and the noise characteristics of probe light reflected from the cavity input mirror. An excitation laser passing transversely through the cavity triggers photon emission into the cavity mode and hence into the single-mode fiber. These are first steps toward building an optical microcavity network on an atom chip for applications in quantum information processing. Atom Detection and Photon Production in a Scalable, Open, Optical Microcavity M Trupke J Goldwin B Darquié G Dutier S Eriksson J Ashmore EA Hinds doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.063601 Physical Review Letters, Vol. 99, No. 6. (2007) 2007-10-22T13:11:32-00:00 2007 Physical Review Letters 99 6 APS no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1809617 <i>Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics), Vol. 69, No. 4. (2004)</i><br /><br />The transmission spectrum of a high-finesse optical cavity containing an arbitrary number of trapped atoms is presented in the zero-temperature, low saturation limit. We take spatial and motional effects into account and show that in the limit of strong coupling, the important spectral features can be determined for an arbitrary number of atoms, N. We also show that these results have important ramifications in limiting our ability to determine the number of atoms in the cavity. Transmission spectrum of an optical cavity containing N atoms Sabrina Leslie Neil Shenvi Kenneth Brown Dan Birgitta Whaley doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.69.043805 Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics), Vol. 69, No. 4. (2004) 2007-10-23T08:10:03-00:00 2004 Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics) 69 4 APS no-tag http://www.citeulike.org/user/tapnews/article/1809615 <i>Physical Review A, Vol. 67, No. 4. (11 April 2003), 043806.</i><br /><br />We investigate the optical detection of single atoms held in a microscopic atom trap close to a surface. Laser light is guided by optical fibers or optical microstructures via the atom to a photodetector. Our results suggest that with present-day technology microcavities can be built around the atom with sufficiently high finesse to permit unambiguous detection of a single atom in the trap with 10 μs of integration. We compare resonant and nonresonant detection schemes and discuss the requirements for detecting an atom without causing it to undergo spontaneous emission. Possibility of single-atom detection on a chip Peter Horak Bruce Klappauf Albrecht Haase Ron Folman Jörg Schmiedmayer Peter Domokos EA Hinds doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.67.043806 Physical Review A, Vol. 67, No. 4. (11 April 2003), 043806. 2007-10-23T08:09:58-00:00 2003 Physical Review A 67 4 043806 American Physical Society no-tag