Abstract

Transgene expression from the chloroplast (plastid) genome offers several attractions to plant biotechnologists, including high-level accumulation of foreign proteins, transgene stacking in operons and a lack of epigenetic interference with the stability of transgene expression. In addition, the technology provides an environmentally benign method of plant genetic engineering, because plastids and their genetic information are maternally inherited in most crops and thus are largely excluded from pollen transmission. During the past few years, researchers in both the public and private sectors ...

Abstract

Plastids fulfill a number of essential functions, including photosynthesis, assimilation of nitrogen and sulfur, synthesis of amino acids, fatty acids, and many secondary metabolites. Pure computation-based predictions are limited in predicting plastid proteomes, and proteomic and especially subcellular proteomics studies are essential to provide an in-depth evaluation of the plastid proteome. The aim of this chapter was to highlight some of the current data, generated by plastids proteomics, in terms of functions, compartmentation, and evolution of this organelle. ...

Abstract

Plant chloroplasts contain an intricate photosynthetic membrane system, the thylakoids, and are surrounded by two envelope membranes at which thylakoid lipids are assembled. The glycoglycerolipids mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerol, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol as well as phosphatidylglycerol, are present in thylakoid membranes, giving them a unique composition. Fatty acids are synthesized in the chloroplast and are either directly assembled into thylakoid lipids at the envelope membranes or exported ...

Abstract

The chloroplast is a compartment unique to photosynthetic eukaryotes. It and other members of the plastid family carry out a remarkable range of activities. Explorations of photosynthesis-related phenomena have stimulated biochemical, biophysical, molecular and genetic approaches to understanding the proplastid-to-chloroplast conversion and the regulation of chloroplast processes. Much of this regulation is exerted by nuclear gene products, which often participate in plastid gene expression. Concerted exploitation of genomic resources promises a deeper understanding of these regulatory factors and more effective genetic ...

Abstract

Stromules are stroma-filled tubules that extend from the surface of plastids and allow the transfer of proteins as large as 550 kDa between interconnected plastids. The aim of the present study was to determine if plastid DNA or plastid ribosomes are able to enter stromules, potentially permitting the transfer of genetic information between plastids. Plastid DNA and ribosomes were marked with green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions to LacI, the lac repressor, which binds to lacO-related sequences in plastid DNA, and to plastid ...

Abstract

Kleptoplastidy is the retention of plastids obtained from ingested algal prey, which may remain temporarily functional and be used for photosynthesis by the predator. We showed that the marine dinoflagellate Dinophysis mitra has great kleptoplastid diversity. We obtained 308 plastid rbcL sequences by gene cloning from 14 D. mitra cells and 102 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Most sequences were new in the genetic database and ...

Abstract

The development of chloroplasts and the integration of their function within a plant cell rely on the presence of a complex biochemical machinery located within their limiting envelope membranes. To provide the most exhaustive view of the protein repertoire of chloroplast envelope membranes, we analyzed this membrane system using proteomics. To this purpose, we first developed a procedure to prepare highly purified envelope membranes from Arabidopsis chloroplasts. We then extracted envelope proteins using different methods, i.e. chloroform/methanol extraction and alkaline or ...

Abstract

Two envelope membranes delimit plastids, the defining organelles of plant cells. The inner and outer envelope membranes are unique in their protein and lipid composition. Several studies have attempted to establish the proteome of these two membranes; however, differentiating between them is difficult due to their close proximity. Here, we describe a novel approach to distinguish the localization of proteins between the two membranes using ...

Abstract

Organelles are surrounded by membranes with a distinct lipid and protein composition. While it is well established that lipids affect protein functioning and vice versa, it has been only recently suggested that elevated membrane protein concentrations may affect the shape and organization of membranes. We therefore analyzed the effects of high chloroplast envelope protein concentrations on membrane structures using an in vivo approach with protoplasts. ...

Abstract

The plastid nucleoid consists of plastid DNA and various, mostly uncharacterized, DNA-binding proteins. The plastid DNA undoubtedly originated from an ancestral cyanobacterial genome, but the origin of the nucleoid proteins appears complex. Initial biochemical analysis of these proteins, as well as comparative genome informatics, suggest that proteins of eukaryotic origin replaced most of the original prokaryotic proteins during the evolution of plastids in the lineage of green plants. ...

Abstract

The general scheme of carotenoid biosynthesis has been known for more than three decades. However, molecular description of the pathway in plants began only in the 1990s after the genes for the carotenogenic enzymes were cloned. Recent data on the biochemistry of carotenogenesis and its regulation in vivo present the possibility of genetically manipulating this pathway in crop plants. ...

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TY - JOUR

Abstract

All plant cells contain plastids. Various reactions are located exclusively within these unique organelles, requiring the controlled exchange of a wide range of solutes, ions, and metabolites. In recent years, several proteins involved in import and/or export of these compounds have been characterized using biochemical and electrophysiological approaches, and in addition have been identified at the molecular level. Several solute channels have been identified in the outer envelope membrane. These porin-like proteins in the outer envelope membrane were formerly thought to ...

Abstract

By synthesizing data from individual gene phylogenies, large concatenated gene trees, and other kinds of molecular, morphological, and biochemical markers, we begin to see the broad outlines of a global phylogenetic tree of eukaryotes. This tree is apparently composed of five large assemblages, or ‘‘supergroups.’’ Plants and algae, or more generally eukaryotes with plastids (the photosynthetic organelle of plants and algae and their nonphotosynthetic derivatives) are scattered among four of the five supergroups. This is because plastids have had a complex ...

Abstract

The genomes of DNA-containing cell organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts) can be laterally transmitted between organisms, a process known as organelle capture. Organelle capture often occurs in the absence of detectable nuclear introgression, and the capture mechanism is unknown. Here, we have considered horizontal genome transfer across natural grafts as a mechanism underlying chloroplast capture in plants. By grafting sexually incompatible species, we show that complete chloroplast genomes can travel across the graft junction from one species into another. We demonstrate that, consistent ...

Abstract

Recent advances in the proteomics field have allowed a series of high throughput experiments to be conducted on chloroplast samples, and the data are available in several public databases. However, the accurate localization of many chloroplast proteins often remains hypothetical. This is especially true for envelope proteins. We went a step further into the knowledge of the chloroplast proteome by focusing, in the same set ...

Abstract

The introduction of plastids into different heterotrophic protists created lineages of algae that diversified explosively, proliferated in marine and freshwater environments, and radically altered the biosphere. The origins of these secondary plastids are usually inferred from the presence of additional plastid membranes. However, two examples provide unique snapshots of secondary-endosymbiosis-in-action, because they retain a vestige of the endosymbiont nucleus known as the nucleomorph. These are chlorarachniophytes and cryptomonads, which acquired their plastids from a green and red alga respectively. To allow ...

Abstract

Organelle proteomics describes the study of proteins present in organelle at a particular instance during the whole period of their life cycle in a cell. Organelles are specialized membrane bound structures within a cell that function by interacting with cytosolic and luminal soluble proteins making the protein composition of each organelle dynamic. Depending on organism, the total number of organelles within a cell varies, indicating ...

Abstract

Summary Plastid transformation is widely used in basic research and for biotechnological applications. Initially developed in Chlamydomonas and tobacco, it is now feasible in a broad range of species. Selection of transgenic lines where all copies of the polyploid plastid genome are transformed requires efficient markers. A number of traits have been used for selection such as photoautotrophy, resistance to antibiotics and tolerance to herbicides or to other metabolic inhibitors. Restoration of photosynthesis is an effective primary selection method in Chlamydomonas ...

Abstract

Imaging of chlorophyll autofluorescence by confocal microscopy in intact whole petals of Arabidopsis thaliana has been used to analyze chloroplast development and redifferentiation during petal development. Young petals dissected from unopened buds contained green chloroplasts throughout their structure, but as the upper part of the petal lamina developed and expanded, plastids lost their chlorophyll and redifferentiated into leukoplasts, resulting in a white petal blade. Normal green chloroplasts remained in the stalk of the mature petal. In epidermal cells the chloroplasts were ...

Abstract

Plastids are vital organelles, fulfilling important metabolic functions that greatly influence plant growth and productivity. In order to both regulate and harness the metabolic output of plastids, it is vital that the process of plastid division is carefully controlled. This is essential, not only to ensure persistence in dividing plant cells and that optimal numbers of plastids are obtained in specialized cell types, but also to allow the cell to act in response to developmental signals and environmental changes. How this ...

Abstract

Extrapolation from the mechanism of bacterial cell division provides valuable clues as to how the chloroplast division process is achieved in plant cells. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that the highly regulated mechanism of plastid division within the host cell has led to the evolution of features unique to the plastid division process. ...

Abstract

SummaryThe Plantae comprising red, green (including land plants), and glaucophyte algae are postulated to have a single common ancestor that is the founding lineage of photosynthetic eukaryotes [[1] and [2]]. However, recent multiprotein phylogenies provide little [[3] and [4]] or no [[5] and [6]] support for this hypothesis. This may reflect limited complete genome data available for red algae, currently only the highly reduced genome of Cyanidioschyzon merolae [7], a reticulate gene ancestry [5], or variable gene divergence rates that ...

Abstract

Plastid genes are expressed at high levels in photosynthetically active chloroplasts but are generally believed to be drastically downregulated in nongreen plastids. The genome-wide changes in the expression patterns of plastid genes during the development of nongreen plastid types as well as the contributions of transcriptional versus translational regulation are largely unknown. We report here a systematic transcriptomics and translatomics analysis of the tomato (Solanum ...

Abstract

Plastids are crucial to plant functionality and develop from proplastids in meristem cells to generate different plastid forms in different types of plant cells. In addition to the photosynthesis of leaf mesophyll cell chloroplasts, plastids contribute to storage and pigmentation capacities in many different specialised cells as well as contributing essential metabolic pathways within the cell in general. Plastids also have the capacity to interconvert between types according to environmental and molecular signals. Progress in understanding the cell biology and morphological ...

Abstract

Plastids are semiautonomous organelles found, in one form or another, in practically all plant and algal cells, several taxa of marine mollusks and at least one phylum of parasitic protists. The members of the plastid family play pivotal roles in photosynthesis, amino acid and lipid synthesis, starch and oil storage, fruit and flower coloration, gravity sensing, stomatal functioning, and environmental perception. Plastids arose via an endosym biotic event in which a protoeukaryotic cell engulfed and retained a photosynthetic bacterium. This polyphyletic ...

Abstract

In chloroplast division, the plastid-dividing (PD) ring is a main structure of the PD machinery and is a universal structure in the plant kingdom. However, the components and formation of the PD ring have been enigmatic. By proteomic analysis of PD machineries isolated from Cyanidioschyzon merolae, we identified the glycosyltransferase protein plastid-dividing ring 1 (PDR1), which constructs the PD ring and is widely conserved from red alga to land plants. Electron microscopy showed that the PDR1 protein forms a ring with ...

Abstract

BACKGROUND:The cultivated olive (Olea europaea L.) is the most agriculturally important species of the Oleaceae family. Although many studies have been performed on plastid polymorphisms to evaluate taxonomy, phylogeny and phylogeography of Olea subspecies, only few polymorphic regions discriminating among the agronomically and economically important olive cultivars have been identified. The objective of this study was to sequence the entire plastome of olive and analyze many potential polymorphic regions to develop new inter-cultivar genetic markers.RESULTS:The complete plastid genome of the olive ...

Abstract

The discovery of a nonphotosynthetic plastid in malaria and other apicomplexan parasites has sparked a contentious debate about its evolutionary origin. Molecular data have led to conflicting conclusions supporting either its green algal origin or red algal origin, perhaps in common with the plastid of related dinoflagellates. This distinction is critical to our understanding of apicomplexan evolution and the evolutionary history of endosymbiosis and photosynthesis; however, the two plastids are nearly impossible to compare due to their nonoverlapping information content. Here ...

Abstract

Although great progress has been made in clarifying deep-level angiosperm relationships, several early nodes in the angiosperm branch of the Tree of Life have proved difficult to resolve. Perhaps the last great question remaining in basal angiosperm phylogeny involves the branching order among the five major clades of mesangiosperms (Ceratophyllum, Chloranthaceae, eudicots, magnoliids, and monocots). Previous analyses have found no consistent support for relationships among these clades. In an effort to resolve these relationships, we performed phylogenetic analyses of 61 plastid ...

Abstract

Plastids including chloroplasts arose from a cyanobacterial endosymbiont and have retained their own genome, but the size has been reduced to less than one-tenth of the original bacterial genome. Over time, genes essential to plastid function have been transferred from the ancestral plastid genome to the nucleus, and the gene products are now targeted into the plastid from the host cytosol. However, phylogenetic analyses have suggested that the functions of certain original proteins encoded by the endosymbiont genome have been replaced ...

Abstract

The green algae belonging to the Chlorophyta--the lineage sister to that comprising the land plants and their charophycean green algal relatives (Streptophyta)--have been subdivided into four classes (Prasinophyceae, Ulvophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae, and Chlorophyceae). Yet the Pedinomonadales, an assemblage consisting of tiny, naked uniflagellates with a second basal body, has no clear affiliation with these classes and the branching order of the crown chlorophytes remains unknown. To gain an insight into the phylogenetic position of the Pedinomonadales and the relationships among the recognized ...

Abstract

Carotenoids are plant pigments that function as antioxidants, hormone precursors, colourants and essential components of the photosynthetic apparatus. Carotenoids accumulate in nearly all types of plastids, not just the chloroplast, and are thus found in most plant organs and tissues, albeit at trace levels in some tissues. In this review we summarise the current knowledge of the carotenoid content of non-green plastids and discuss what is known about the regulation of their biosynthesis in roots, fruits, flowers, tubers and seeds. The ...

Abstract

The tobacco cultivar Nicotiana tabacum is a natural amphidiploid that is thought to be derived from ancestors of Nicotiana sylvestris and Nicotiana tomentosiformis. To compare these chloroplast genomes, DNA was prepared from isolated chloroplasts from green leaves of N. sylvestris and N. tomentosiformis, and subjected to whole-genome shotgun sequencing. The N. sylvestris chloroplast genome comprises of 155,941 bp and shows identical gene organization with that of N. tabacum, except one ORF. Detailed comparison revealed only seven different sites between N. tabacum ...

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Times Cited: 2 Cited Reference Count: 26 Cited References: CLARKSON JJ, 2005, NEW PHYTOL, V168, P241 FULNECEK J, 2002, HEREDITY 1, V88, P19 GOULDING SE, 1996, MOL GEN GENET, V252, P195 GRAY JC, 1974, NATURE, V252, P226 HERSHBERG R, 2003, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V31, P1813 HUPFER H, 2000, MOL GEN GENET, V263, P581 KUNG SD, 1982, THEOR APPL GENET, V61, P73 MARTIN W, 1998, NATURE, V393, P162 MAUL JE, 2002, PLANT CELL, V14, P2659 OKAMURO JK, 1985, MOL GEN GENET, V198, P290 OLMSTEAD R, 1991, SOLANACEAE 3 TAXONOM, P301 PALMER JD, 1991, MOL BIOL PLASTIDS,

Abstract

The phylogeny of the genus Gunnera is investigated for the first time. Twelve species representing the six currently recognised subgenera are analysed. Two chloroplast DNA regions, the rbcL gene and the rps16 intron, together provide 46 informative characters out of 2335. A combined analysis of both genes gives four most parsimonious trees, firmly establishing the east South American G. herteri as sister group to the rest of the genus. The African G. perpensa is sister group to two well-supported clades, one ...

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Times Cited: 17 Cited Reference Count: 52 Cited References: *LINN, 1967, MANTISSA PLANTARUM S ANDERBERG AA, 1998, PLANT SYST EVOL, V211, P93 ARWIDSSON T, 1938, REV SUDAMER BOT, V5, P157 BADER FWJ, 1961, BOT JB, V80, P281 BREMER K, 1994, CLADISTICS, V10, P295 BRUNDIN L, 1966, KUNGL SVENSKA VETENS, V11, P1 CHASE MW, 1993, ANN MISSOURI BOT GAR, V80, P523 CRONQUIST A, 1981, INTEGRATED SYSTEM CL DAHLGREN R, 1975, BOT NOTISER, V128, P182 EMBERGER L, 1960, TRAITE BOT SYSTEMATI, V2, P1448 ENDRESS PK, 1989, EVOLUTION SYSTEMATIC, V1, P193 ERIKSSON T, 1995, AUTODECAY 3 0 FELSENSTEIN J,

Abstract

Sequence data from the low-copy nuclear genes encoding phosphoribulokinase (PRK) and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) are used to generate the first phylogenetic analysis of Chamaedorea (Arecaceae: Arecoideae: Chamaedoreeae), the largest neotropical genus of palms. The prevailing current taxonomy of Chamaedorea recognizes approximately 100 species in eight subgenera, all delimited using floral characters, which provide a useful starting point to explore species-level systematics. Sequence data from 63 species, including representatives of all eight subgenera, were analyzed using ...

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Times Cited: 2 Cited Reference Count: 52 Cited References: ALTSCHUL SF, 1997, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V25, P3389 ASMUSSEN CB, 1999, MEM NEW YORK BOTAN G, V83, P121 ASMUSSEN CB, 2000, CSIRO SYDNEY, V1, P525 ASMUSSEN CB, 2001, AM J BOT, V88, P1103 BAKER WJ, 1999, PLANT SYST EVOL, V219, P111 BAKER WJ, 2000, MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL, V14, P195 BAKER WJ, 2000, MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL, V14, P218 BARROW S, 1999, MEM NEW YORK BOTAN G, V83, P215 BRIDGEWATER S, UNPUB EC BOT BRIDGEWATER SGM, UNPUB EC BOT DOUADY CJ, 2003, MOL BIOL EVOL, V20, P248 DOYLE

Abstract

Three distinct arginine tRNA genes, trnR-CCG, trnR-ACG, and trnR-UCU, are present in the plastid genome of bryophytes, whereas only the latter two trnR genes are present in the major vascular plants, except for black pine. trnR-CCG is located between rbcL and accD in the moss Physcomitrella patens and it was previously believed to be functional in plastids. However, no trnR-CCG transcript has been detected by Northern hybridization, and the codon usage of CGG is quite low in plastid protein-coding sequences. This ...

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Times Cited: 10 Cited Reference Count: 35 Cited References: ASHTON NW, 1977, MOL GEN GENET, V154, P87 BEZANILLA M, 2003, PLANT PHYSIOL, V133, P470 BOYNTON JE, 1988, SCIENCE, V240, P1534 COVE DJ, 1993, PLANT CELL, V5, P1483 CRICK FHC, 1966, J MOL BIOL, V19, P548 GOLDS T, 1993, BIO-TECHNOL, V11, P95 HOHE A, 2002, PLANT BIOLOGY, V4, P595 KASTEN B, 1991, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V19, P5074 KASTEN B, 1992, CURR GENET, V22, P327 KHAN MS, 1999, NAT BIOTECHNOL, V17, P910 KOHCHI T, 1988, J MOL BIOL, V203, P353 KUGITA M, 2003, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V31,

Abstract

The complete chloroplast DNA sequence ( 122 890 bp) of the moss Physcomitrella patens has been determined. The genome contains 83 protein, 31 tRNA and four rRNA genes, and a pseudogene. Four protein genes ( rpoA, cysA, cysT and ccsA) found in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha and the hornwort Anthoceros formosae are absent from P. patens. The overall structure of P. patens chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) differs substantially from that of liverwort and hornwort. Compared with its close relatives, a 71 kb ...

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Times Cited: 27 Cited Reference Count: 50 Cited References: *AR GEN IN, 2000, NATURE, V408, P796 CALIE PJ, 1987, MOL GEN GENET, V208, P335 EMANUELSSON O, 2000, J MOL BIOL, V300, P1005 GOFF SA, 2002, SCIENCE, V296, P92 GOLDSCHMIDTCLERMONT M, 1991, CELL, V65, P135 HALLICK RB, 1993, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V21, P3537 HARA K, 2001, BBA-GENE STRUCT EXPR, V1517, P302 HARA K, 2001, FEBS LETT, V499, P87 HESS WR, 1999, INT REV CYTOL, V190, P1 HIRATSUKA J, 1989, MOL GEN GENET, V217, P185 IGARASHI K, 1991, CELL, V65, P1015 IGARASHI K, 1991, J MOL BIOL,

Abstract

The complete nucleotide sequence of the chloroplast genome of the hardwood species Eucalyptus globulus is presented and compared with chloroplast genomes of tree and non-tree angiosperms and two softwood tree species. The 160 286 bp genome is similar in gene order to that of Nicotiana, with an inverted repeat (IR) (26 393 bp) separated by a large single copy (LSC) region of 89 012 bp and a small single copy region of 18 488 bp. There are 128 genes (112 individual ...

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Times Cited: 7 Cited Reference Count: 24 Cited References: BENDICH AJ, 2004, PLANT CELL, V16, P1661 BOUDREAU E, 1997, EMBO J, V16, P6095 DOYLE JJ, 1990, FOCUS, V12, P13 DRESCHER A, 2000, PLANT J, V22, P97 ELDRIDGE KG, 1993, EUCALYPT DOMESTICATI EWING B, 1998, GENOME RES, V8, P186 GOREMYKIN VV, 2003, MOL BIOL EVOL, V20, P1499 HUPFER H, 2000, MOL GEN GENET, V263, P581 KUDLA J, 1992, EMBO J, V11, P1099 KUGITA M, 2003, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V31, P716 LIU XQ, 1993, PLANT MOL BIOL, V23, P297 MILLEN RS, 2001, PLANT CELL, V13, P645 OLDENBURG DJ,

Abstract

The evolution of holoparasitism decreases the adaptive value of genes maintaining the photosynthetic apparatus. These may become pseudogenes through insertion or deletion events resulting in frameshift mutations, or by the evolution of premature stop codons. The holoparasitic sister genera Harveya and Hyobanche have undergone alternate pathways of evolution and expression at the plastid locus rbcL. An open reading frame in all but a single species of Harveya is maintained by purifying selection and is expressed. However, the function of Rubisco in ...

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Times Cited: 0 Cited Reference Count: 65 Cited References: *SPSS INC, 1999, SPSS WIND BOMMER D, 1993, CURR GENET, V24, P171 BRICAUD CH, 1986, J PLANT PHYSIOL, V125, P367 BUNGARD RA, 2004, BIOESSAYS, V26, P235 COLWELL A, 1994, THESIS WASHINGTON U DANON A, 1997, PLANT PHYSIOL, V115, P1293 DELAHARPE AC, 1980, Z PFLANZENPHYSIOL, V100, P85 DELAHARPE AC, 1981, Z PFLANZENPHYSIOL, V103, P265 DELAVAULT P, 1995, PLANT MOL BIOL, V29, P1071 DELAVAULT PM, 1996, PHYSIOL PLANTARUM, V96, P674 DEPAMPHILIS CW, 1990, NATURE, V348, P337 DORR I, 1995, BOT ACTA, V108, P47 DOYLE JJ, 1987, PHYTOCHEMISTRY B, V19,

Abstract

The orchid subfamily Apostasioideae consists of two genera, Apostasia and Neuwiedia. To study the position of Apostasioideae within Orchidaceae and their intra- and intergeneric relationships, a molecular phylogenetic analysis has been conducted on the nuclear ITS region and the two plastid DNA regions trnL-F intron and matK. The two genera traditionally ascribed to Apostasioideae are each monophyletic. In Apostasia, A. nuda, with two stamens and no staminode, is sister to a clade comprising three species characterised by two stamens and one ...

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Times Cited: 9 Cited Reference Count: 43 Cited References: BALDWIN BG, 1992, MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL, V1, P3 BURNSBALOGH P, 1986, SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBU, V61, P1 CAMERON KM, 1999, AM J BOT, V86, P208 CAMERON KM, 2000, MONOCOTS SYSTEMATICS, P457 CAMERON KM, 2001, AM J BOT, V88, P1847 CAMERON KM, 2003, MONOCOTS, V3 CHASE MW, 2000, MONOCOTS SYSTEMATICS, P3 CHASE MW, 2003, ORCHID CONSERVATION, P69 CONTI E, 1999, MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL, V13, P536 COX AV, 1997, PLANT SYST EVOL, V208, P197 DEVOGEL EF, 1969, BLUMEA, V17, P312 DOYLE JJ, 1987, PHYTOCHEMISTRY B, V19, P11 EICHENBERGER K, 2000, BOT

Abstract

Orobanche species characterization using plastid sequences as molecular markers revealed that O. cumana contains at least two distinct rbcL sequences: one similar in size to the truncated rbcL pseudogene from O. cernua, a closely related species, and another with a size comparable to that of rbcL plastid genes from autotrophic plants. In this work, the nucleotide sequences of these two copies are reported and analysed. The organization of the O. cumana plastid genome was investigated using a long-distance PCR strategy in ...

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Times Cited: 2 Cited Reference Count: 21 Cited References: AYLIFFE MA, 1992, THEOR APPL GENET, V85, P229 AYLIFFE MA, 1998, MOL BIOL EVOL, V15, P738 BENHARRAT H, 2000, PLANT BIOLOGY, V2, P34 BLANCHARD JL, 1995, J MOL EVOL, V41, P397 CHEUNG WY, 1989, THEOR APPL GENET, V77, P625 CORMACK RS, 1997, GENE, V194, P273 DELAVAULT PM, 1996, PHYSIOL PLANTARUM, V96, P674 DEPAMPHILIS CW, 1990, NATURE, V348, P337 LUSSON NA, 1998, CURR GENET, V34, P212 MARTIN W, 1998, PLANT PHYSIOL, V118, P9 NAKAZONO M, 1993, MOL GEN GENET, V236, P341 PICHERSKY E, 1991, MOL GEN GENET,

Abstract

Among members of the Orobanchaceae, parasitism has led to a drastic reduction in the morphological characters useful in identification. This is especially the case of species belonging to the subsection Minores (section Orobanche), which is a real tangle for agronomists and botanists. In this study, more than 120 specimens collected in the west of France were studied for their morphological characters and molecular markers. Their rbcL plastid gene was analyzed by RFLP and nucleotide sequencing. Because of several substitutions, insertions and ...

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Times Cited: 4 Cited Reference Count: 33 Cited References: ABUSBAIH H, 1994, BIOL MANAGEMENT OROB, P112 ANDARY C, 1994, BIOL MANAGEMENT OROB, P121 BONNIER G, 1934, FLORE COMPLETE ILLUS CHATER AO, 1972, FLORA EUROPAEA, V3, P285 COSTE H, 1906, FLORE DESCRIPTIVE IL DELAVAULT P, 1995, PLANT MOL BIOL, V29, P1071 DEPAMPHILIS CW, 1990, NATURE, V348, P337 DEPAMPHILIS CW, 1997, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V94, P7367 FOURNIER G, 1961, QUATRE FLORES FRANCE GEORGUIEVA I, 1994, BIOL MANAGEMENT OROB, P127 HABERHAUSEN G, 1994, PLANT MOL BIOL, V24, P217 HARDTKE CS, 1996, PLANT MOL BIOL, V32, P915 JOEL

Abstract

Microspore embryogenesis is a method of great importance for plant production in many species. Its practical use in monocotyledonous plants, however, is limited due to the occurrence of albino plants. Molecular examinations of such albino plants showed an aberrant form of plastids and, frequently, deletions in their plastid DNA. Moreover, in Our preceding work we found typical deficiencies in plastid transcription and translation. Nevertheless, there are also indications for an involvement of the nuclear genome in albino plant formation. To address ...

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Times Cited: 0 Cited Reference Count: 63 Cited References: ABDALLAH F, 2000, TRENDS PLANT SCI, V5, P141 AGACHE S, 1989, THEOR APPL GENET, V77, P7 AHLERT D, 2003, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V100, P15730 ALLISON LA, 1996, EMBO J, V15, P2802 ALTSCHUL SF, 1990, J MOL BIOL, V215, P403 ANKELE E, 1998, THESIS U AGR VIENNA ANKELE E, 2003, THESIS U VIENNA AVNI A, 1989, EMBO J, V8, P1915 CAREDDA S, 2000, SEX PLANT REPROD, V13, P95 CAREDDA S, 2004, PLANT CELL TISS ORG, V76, P35 CLEMENT C, 2005, BIOTECHNOL AGRIC FOR, V56,

Abstract

Plastid genome content and arrangement are highly conserved across most land plants and their closest relatives, streptophyte algae, with nearly all plastid introns having invaded the genome in their common ancestor at least 450 million years ago. One such intron, within the transfer RNA trnK-UUU, contains a large open reading frame that encodes a presumed intron maturase, matK. This gene is missing from the plastid genomes of two species in the parasitic plant genus Cuscuta but is found in all other ...

Abstract

Complete nucleotide sequencing shows that the plastid genome of Epifagus virginiana, a nonphotosynthetic parasitic flowering plant, lacks all genes for photosynthesis and chlororespiration found in chloroplast genomes of green plants. The 70,028-base-pair genome contains only 42 genes, at least 38 of which specify components of the gene-expression apparatus of the plastid. Moreover, all chloroplast-encoded RNA polymerase genes and many tRNA and ribosomal protein genes have been lost. Since the genome is functional, nuclear gene products must compensate for some gene losses ...

Abstract

Angiosperm plastid genomes are generally conserved in gene content and order with rates of nucleotide substitutions for protein-coding genes lower than for nuclear protein-coding genes. A few groups have experienced genomic change, and extreme changes in gene content and order are found within the flowering plant family Geraniaceae. The complete plastid genome sequence of Pelargonium X hortorum (Geraniaceae) reveals the largest and most rearranged plastid genome identified to date. Highly elevated rates of sequence evolution in Geraniaceae mitochondrial genomes have been ...