Tag supply-chain [50 articles]

Abstract

In a supply chain, a slight change of management strategy in one company largely affects the effectiveness of the chain as a whole. In particular, when companies generate product families, the relationships between companies are very complex, so it is difficult to analyse them mathematically. We propose a modelling and simulation method to analyse a product-family supply chain for business process reengineering. By modelling the workflow and transport independently, the structure of the supply chain is expressed. From the simulation results, ...

Abstract

In today's economic environment, manufacturing organisations compete against each other as part of supply chains (SC). As both the SC strategic level and production floor operational level are interdependent, a misalignment between them has a deep impact on the performance of the manufacturing organisation. For this reason, in this paper we develop an analytical expression of the impact such misalignment has on the manufacturing organisation performance, specifically, its demand fulfillment ability. The usefulness of the analytical expression is illustrated via the ...

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A supply chain should be treated not just as a supply chain but also as a Complex Adaptive Supply Network (CASN). However, the literature on supply chain management has given little attention to the evolutionary complexity of the network structure and collaboration mechanism of CASNs. In this paper, we first model and simulate the evolution of CASNs based on complex adaptive system and fitness landscape theory. The simulation results indicate the evolutionary complexities such as emergence, quasi-equilibrium, chaos, and lock-in of ...

Abstract

Consider a series of companies in a supply chain, each of whom orders from its immediate upstream member. In this setting, inbound orders from a downstream member serve as a valuable informational input to upstream production and inventory decisions. This paper claims that the information transferred in the form of "orders" tends to be distorted and can misguide upstream members in their inventory and production decisions. In particular, the variance of orders may be larger than that of sales, and the ...

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The impact of interorganizational information systems on the structure and management of a supply chain in the textile industry is analysed from a managerial perspective. Case data from detailed, partial longitudinal studies of manufacturer and retail organizations are presented. The competitive strategies of organizations in the supply chain are described and their associated patterns of communication are analysed. It is shown that companies are moving towards cooperative relationships in an effort to make the supply chain as a whole more competitive. ...

Abstract

In order to improve effectiveness of supply chain management and compete in today's dynamic global markets, it is not sufficient to have effective integrated processes within a business; synchronized operations of all partners in the supply chain is required. In the past, this has been achieved by one company owning or having control over all businesses in the chain. Now, it is more likely that this integration is carried out by using interorganisational information systems. This paper analyses the development and ...

Abstract

As globalisation proceeds, enterprises of every size are forced to establish or to act as a part of global supply chains or production networks. Their decisions regarding the design and operation of their global activities have a strong impact on their competitiveness. In this paper some of the available concepts for the design and operation of supply chains are discussed in the context of globalisation. It will be shown that the current approaches that cover mainly hard or quantitative aspects are ...

Abstract

Energy policies may lead to important industrial outcomes. This paper investigates the impacts of energy policies on industry growth in renewable energy. Research tools employed include the commercialization process, value chain analysis, and empirical case studies. Different renewable energy technologies and geographical regions are considered covering over 50% of the world markets of the technology fields considered. Market deployment measures that enhance home markets of domestic industries will in most cases lead to growing industrial activities. Irrespective of the domestic market ...

Abstract

Information technology (IT) enhances coordination both within the firm and between the firm and its external partners. Consequently, IT investment can promote both loosely and tightly coupled organizational forms. Indeed, in some industries, widespread investment in IT is associated with high levels of disaggregation. In other industries, this is not the case. We argue that the specific influence of IT on firm boundaries depends on the broader industrial context. We investigate conditions whereby IT investments enable industries to be more loosely ...

Abstract

Abstract  The efficiencies of supply chain management (SCM) are often impaired by inconsistent exchange and sharing of knowledge semantics among supply chain partners. To address this problem with semantic integration, this paper presents an approach to developing ontologies of supply chain management (Onto-SCM) as a common semantic model of the SCM domain. The Onto-SCM semantic model is constructed in a modular way in order to enhance its reusability and maintainability. The IDEF5 schematic language is employed to provide the graphical representation of ...

Abstract

Port-oriented supply chains and landside logistics marketplaces continue to be restructured and rationalized. Profit pools have rapidly changed and value has migrated, and is migrating, to new functionalities, creating tensions, new patterns of demand and new bases for efficiency in freight systems. Further, and critically, the new functionality of elements in supply chains underwrites new power relationships that effectively condition not only the ability of firms to deliver and capture value but also to impact on the level of integration within ...

Abstract

This work presents a multiagent framework design for Demand-Responsive Transportation, considering a virtual enterprise domain. The agent architecture obtained provides a baseline for the integration between end-users of the transport service and multiple transport operators affiliated to a virtual enterprise which provides flexibility in the incorporation and leaving of transport operators. The participation of governmental organizations and active destinations within the system allows the virtual enterprise having additional information on potential opportunities of business and assures transport system users a wider ...

Abstract

Agents are a new paradigm in software development. However, this paradigm offers new methodologies only in certain areas. Our view is that IT integration of a virtual enterprise is one of the most promising fields for agent-based software. In this paper, we present an approach based on tracker mobile agents, which is intended to support the decision-making process for changes during product manufacturing in a virtual enterprise. We argue that a possible approach is to use rule-based heuristic reasoning, augmented with ...

Abstract

Abstract  Supporting decisions in real time has been the subject of a number of research efforts. This paper reviews the technology and architecture necessary to create an autonomic supply chain for a real-time enterprise for supply chain systems. The technologies weaved together include knowledge-based event managers, intelligent agents, radio frequency identification (RFID), database and system integration, and enterprise resource planning systems. ...

Abstract

Component sharing--the use of a component on multiple products within a firm's product line--is widely practiced as a means of offering high variety at low cost. Although many researchers have examined trade-offs involved in component sharing, little research has focused on the impact of component sharing on quality. In this paper, we examine how component sharing impacts one dimension of quality--reliability--defined as mean time to failure. Design considerations suggest that a component designed uniquely for a product will result in higher ...

Abstract

This paper provides an integrative analysis of the drivers of vertical scope, using analytical and computational methods. I propose a model with two vertical segments (upstream and downstream), firm populations with heterogeneous capabilities, and an intermediate market subject to transaction costs in which firms can choose whether to be integrated or vertically specialized. By varying the level of transaction costs and changing the structure of the correlation between upstream and downstream capabilities in the industry, learning curves, and the way in ...

Abstract

This paper addresses how the Open Innovation concept, as recently coined by Henry Chesbrough, can be analyzed from an industrial dynamics perspective. The main proposition of the paper is that the specific modes in which different companies manage Open Innovation in regard to an emerging technology reflect their differential position within the innovation system in question, the nature and stage of maturity of the technological regime, and the particular value proposition pursued by companies. The proposition is analyzed through an in-depth ...

Abstract

The adoption of information technology (IT) along a supply chain has increasingly become a necessity for enhancing supply chain performance. Organizations in a supply chain often adopt IT due to the institutional pressure exerted by their supply chain partners. The implications of the different types of institutional isomorphism, namely coercion, mimesis, and norms, are explored from both the perspectives of firms that have taken the initiatives to adopt IT and those that have followed their supply chain partners to adopt IT. ...

Abstract

The existing economics and IS literature on technology adoption often considers network externalities as one of the main factors that affect adoption decisions. It assumes that potential adopters achieve a certain level of expectations about network externalities when they have to decide whether to adopt a particular technology. However, there has been little discussion on how the potential adopters reach their expectations. This article attempts to fill a gap in the literature on adoption of information technology (IT), by offering an ...

Abstract

First conceived in 1948, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has taken many years for the technology to mature to the point where it is sufficiently affordable and reliable for widespread use. From Electronic Article Surveillance (EAS) for article (mainly clothing) security to more sophisticated uses, RFID is seen by some as the inevitable replacement for bar codes. With increasing use comes increasing concern on privacy and security. Clearly there is considerable work to be undertaken before RFID becomes as pervasive as bar ...

Abstract

Because of its potential to revolutionize global supply chain management (SCM) systems, ultra high-frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) was recently the cause of much optimism. Wal-Mart mandated its top 100 suppliers to begin using RFID on 1 January 2005; this day was viewed as a watershed day in the industry. However, that date has come and gone, and the expected rapid industry adoption of RFID has not taken place. This paper explores the existing challenges and obstacles to RFID's quick ...

Abstract

This research focuses on the analysis of simulated impact of the radio frequency identification (RFID) system on the inventory replenishment of the thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) supply chain in Taiwan. A global operations and logistics case of a well-known LCD monitor manufacturer in Taiwan has been studied. The pull-based multi-agents supply chain was accordingly modeled and simulated with AnyLogic. An automatic inventory replenishment function adopting the ( s , S ) policy is enabled with RFID or ...

Abstract

This paper presents an application of the Axiomatic Design (AD) approach to supply chain management (SCM) for the development of a supply chain strategy. Following AD principles, we developed a method of supply chain design decomposition (SCDD) that distinguishes objectives and means of SCM. Because it systematically relates means to objectives at different levels of abstraction, higher-level objectives can be made actionable step-by-step. Using a structured procedure, the SCDD can be utilized to develop a supply chain strategy that is in ...

Abstract

In recent years car manufacturers have been gradually moving from the procurement of discrete parts to the procurement of modular systems. However, research into this development has not yet sought to identify how such a shift is likely to influence the operations of key suppliers within a modular supply chain and more specifically, how such suppliers are likely to interpret their respective approaches to modular provision. The aim of this research is to address these issues using a case-based approach of ...

Abstract

For years, researchers and practitioners have primarily investigated the various processes within manufacturing supply chains individually. Recently, however, there has been increasing attention placed on the performance, design, and analysis of the supply chain as a whole. This attention is largely a result of the rising costs of manufacturing, the shrinking resources of manufacturing bases, shortened product life cycles, the leveling of the playing field within manufacturing, and the globalization of market economies. The objectives of this paper are to: (1) ...

Abstract

Information systems (IS) have become the organisational fabric for intra- and inter-organisational collaboration in business. As a result, there is mounting pressure from customers and suppliers for a direct move away from disparate systems operating in parallel towards a more common shared architecture. In part, this has been achieved through the emergence of new technology that is being packaged into a portfolio of technologies known as enterprise application integration (EAI). Its emergence however, is presenting investment decision-makers charged with the evaluation ...

Abstract

Supply chain management (SCM) is the 21st century global operations strategy for achieving organizational competitiveness. Companies are attempting to find ways to improve their flexibility and responsiveness and in turn competitiveness by changing their operations strategy, methods and technologies that include the implementation of SCM paradigm and information technology (IT). However, a thorough and critical review of literature is yet to be carried out with the objective of bringing out pertinent factors and useful insights into the role and implications of ...

Abstract

This paper describes a research whose aim is to quantitatively assess the impact of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology and electronic product code (EPC) system on the main processes of the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) supply chain. A three-echelon supply chain is examined, composed of manufacturers, distributors and retailers of FMCG. A questionnaire survey was performed to collect both quantitative and qualitative data related to logistics processes of each player. Starting from these data, a feasibility study has been carried out ...

Abstract

A global economy and increase in customer expectations in terms of cost and services have put a premium on effective supply chain reengineering. It is essential to perform risk benefit analysis of reengineering alternatives before making a final decision. Simulation provides an effective pragmatic approach to detailed analysis and evaluation of supply chain design and management alternatives. However, the utility of this methodology is hampered by the time and effort required to develop models... ...

Abstract

The increased level of competitiveness in all industrial sectors, exacerbated in the last years by the globalisation of the economies and by the sharp fall of the final demands, are pushing enterprises to strive for a further optimisation of their organisational processes, and in particular to pursue new forms of collaboration and partnership with their direct logistics counterparts. As a result, at a company level there is a progressive shift towards an external perspective with the design and implementation of new ...

Abstract

<b>Updated Edition</b>: Thomas L. Friedman is not so much a futurist, which he is sometimes called, as a presentist. His aim in <i>The World Is Flat</i>, as in his earlier, influential <i>Lexus and the Olive Tree</i>, is not to give you a speculative preview of the wonders that are sure to come in your lifetime, but rather to get you caught up on the wonders that are already here. The world isn't going to be flat, it <i>is</i> flat, which gives ...

Abstract

<b>Updated Edition</b>: Thomas L. Friedman is not so much a futurist, which he is sometimes called, as a presentist. His aim in <i>The World Is Flat</i>, as in his earlier, influential <i>Lexus and the Olive Tree</i>, is not to give you a speculative preview of the wonders that are sure to come in your lifetime, but rather to get you caught up on the wonders that are already here. The world isn't going to be flat, it <i>is</i> flat, which gives ...

Abstract

PurposeThis paper proposes a real-time knowledge support framework for the development of an RFID-multi-agent based process knowledge-based system which has the ability to solve dynamic logistics process management problems.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed system is developed with "real-time process management" capability which automatically identifies current process status, performs the process logic checking/reasoning, and, provides process knowledge support to staff members when they are tackling logistics activity problems. The unique feature of this on-line knowledge-based system, which enables it to enhance the performance of logistics ...

Abstract

Effective supply chain design calls for robust analytical models and design tools. Previous works in this area are mostly Operation Research oriented without considering manufacturing aspects. Recently, researchers have begun to realize that the decision and integration effort in supply chain design should be driven by the manufactured product, specifically, product characteristics and product life cycle. In addition, decision-making processes should be guided by a comprehensive set of performance metrics. In this paper, we relate product characteristics to supply chain strategy ...

Abstract

Managing a global supply chain poses some unique challenges. The Theory of Constraints, a successful solution of the '80's for the factory, can focus Management into achieving supply chain goals. This paper explains how TOC-based operational policies are generated for the different links in a supply chain. We demonstrate how implementation of these policies orchestrates the performance of the supply chain to optimize delivery, responsiveness and cost. ...

Abstract

Supply chain management (SCM) is now recognised as one of the best means by which enterprises can make instant improvements to their business strategies and operations. SCM, however, is generally based on the simple theory of constraints (TOC) concept, and is not always concerned with Pareto optimal solutions in product distribution. Since market price systems constitute a well-understood class of mechanisms that under certain conditions provide effective decentralisation of decision making with minimal communication overhead, we propose SCM based on market-oriented ...

Abstract

The present practice of Engineer-Procure-Construct (EPC) projects in the engineering and construction industry receives many criticisms and requires improvement. This paper examines the nature and characteristics of EPC projects with special interest in project procurement management. An enhanced framework for procurement is proposed by coupling the concepts of Supply Chain Management and Critical Chain Project Management, with the latter drawing ideas from the Theory of Constraints. The proposed framework broadly embraces three streams of approaches namely, cultural, process and technological. Special ...

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new approach for the supply chain management. This approach is based on the virtual enterprise paradigm and the usage of multi-agent concept. The base component of our approach is a virtual enterprise node (VEN). The supply chain is viewed as a set of tiers (corresponding to the levels of production), in which each partner of the supply chain (VEN) is in relation with several customers and suppliers. Each VEN belongs to one ...

Abstract

Supply chain formation is the process of determining the structure and terms of exchange relationships to enable a multilevel, multiagent production activity. We present a simple model of supply chains, highlighting two characteristic features: hierarchical subtask decomposition, and resource contention. To decentralize the formation process, we introduce a market price system over the resources produced along the chain. In a competitive equilibrium for this system, agents choose locally... ...

Note (first note only)

http://jp.citeulike.org/user/teikan/article/387882 の詳細版?

Abstract

I present a decentralized market protocol for allocating and scheduling tasks among agents to form supply chains. The protocol resolves constraints arising from hierarchical subtask relationships and resource scarcity. Agents negotiate through auctions according to specified bidding policies, and the auctions in turn determine the allocations and prices of the tasks and resources. I describe some equilibrium, convergence, and optimality properties of the system. I propose to further analyze the ... ...

Note (first note only)

SCM的、協調的

Note (first note only)

個別入札; 戦略的価格操作なし; 分散

Note (first note only)

売買の同時入札を行なう; 戦略的価格操作を許す前提