Revising the nitrogen cycle in the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone Export

@article{citeulike:5401362, abstract = {10.1073/pnas.0812444106 The oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) of the Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP) is 1 of the 3 major regions in the world where oceanic nitrogen is lost in the pelagic realm. The recent identification of anammox, instead of denitrification, as the likely prevalent pathway for nitrogen loss in this OMZ raises strong questions about our understanding of nitrogen cycling and organic matter remineralization in these waters. Without detectable denitrification, it is unclear how NH is remineralized from organic matter and sustains anammox or how secondary NO maxima arise within the OMZ. Here we show that in the ETSP-OMZ, anammox obtains 67\% or more of NO from nitrate reduction, and 33\% or less from aerobic ammonia oxidation, based on stable-isotope pairing experiments corroborated by functional gene expression analyses. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium was detected in an open-ocean setting. It occurred throughout the OMZ and could satisfy a substantial part of the NH requirement for anammox. The remaining NH came from remineralization via nitrate reduction and probably from microaerobic respiration. Altogether, deep-sea NO accounted for only \^{a}‰ˆ50\% of the nitrogen loss in the ETSP, rather than 100\% as commonly assumed. Because oceanic OMZs seem to be expanding because of global climate change, it is increasingly imperative to incorporate the correct nitrogen-loss pathways in global biogeochemical models to predict more accurately how the nitrogen cycle in our future ocean may respond.}, author = {Lam, Phyllis and Lavik, Gaute and Jensen, Marlene M. and van de Vossenberg, Jack and Schmid, Markus and Woebken, Dagmar and Guti\~{A}{\copyright}rrez, Dimitri and Amann, Rudolf and Jetten, Mike S. M. and Kuypers, Marcel M. M.}, citeulike-article-id = {5401362}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812444106}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.pnas.org/content/106/12/4752.abstract}, citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.pnas.org/content/106/12/4752.full.pdf}, citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19255441}, citeulike-linkout-4 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=19255441}, day = {24}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.0812444106}, issn = {1091-6490}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, keywords = {1, 100, 3, 33, 50, 67, a, about, abstract, accounted, accurately, aerobic, altogether, ammonia, ammonium, an, analyses, anammox, and, approximate, arise, as, assumed, based, be, because, biogeochemical, by, came, change, climate, commonly, correct, corroborated, could, cycle, cycling, deep-sea, denitrification, detectable, detected, dissimilatory, eastern, etsp, etsp-omz, expanding, experiments, expression, for, from, functional, future, gene, global, here, how, identification, imperative, in, incorporate, increasingly, instead, is, it, less, likely, loss, lost, major, matter, maxima, may, microaerobic, minimum, models, more, nh4, nitrate, nitrogen, nitrogen-loss, no2-, no3-, obtains, occurred, ocean, oceanic, of, omz, omzs, on, only, openocean, or, organic, our, oxidation, oxygen, pacific, pairing, part}, month = {March}, number = {12}, pages = {4752--4757}, posted-at = {2009-11-04 17:54:11}, priority = {0}, title = {Revising the nitrogen cycle in the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812444106}, volume = {106}, year = {2009} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:5401362 L3 - citeulike-article-id:5401362 N2 - 10.1073/pnas.0812444106 The oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) of the Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP) is 1 of the 3 major regions in the world where oceanic nitrogen is lost in the pelagic realm. The recent identification of anammox, instead of denitrification, as the likely prevalent pathway for nitrogen loss in this OMZ raises strong questions about our understanding of nitrogen cycling and organic matter remineralization in these waters. Without detectable denitrification, it is unclear how NH is remineralized from organic matter and sustains anammox or how secondary NO maxima arise within the OMZ. Here we show that in the ETSP-OMZ, anammox obtains 67% or more of NO from nitrate reduction, and 33% or less from aerobic ammonia oxidation, based on stable-isotope pairing experiments corroborated by functional gene expression analyses. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium was detected in an open-ocean setting. It occurred throughout the OMZ and could satisfy a substantial part of the NH requirement for anammox. The remaining NH came from remineralization via nitrate reduction and probably from microaerobic respiration. Altogether, deep-sea NO accounted for only ≈50% of the nitrogen loss in the ETSP, rather than 100% as commonly assumed. Because oceanic OMZs seem to be expanding because of global climate change, it is increasingly imperative to incorporate the correct nitrogen-loss pathways in global biogeochemical models to predict more accurately how the nitrogen cycle in our future ocean may respond. IS - 12 JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences SN - 1091-6490 EP - 4757 TI - Revising the nitrogen cycle in the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone VL - 106 SP - 4752 KW - 1 KW - 100 KW - 3 KW - 33 KW - 50 KW - 67 KW - a KW - about KW - abstract KW - accounted KW - accurately KW - aerobic KW - altogether KW - ammonia KW - ammonium KW - an KW - analyses KW - anammox KW - and KW - approximate KW - arise KW - as KW - assumed KW - based KW - be KW - because KW - biogeochemical KW - by KW - came KW - change KW - climate KW - commonly KW - correct KW - corroborated KW - could KW - cycle KW - cycling KW - deep-sea KW - denitrification KW - detectable KW - detected KW - dissimilatory KW - eastern KW - etsp KW - etsp-omz KW - expanding KW - experiments KW - expression KW - for KW - from KW - functional KW - future KW - gene KW - global KW - here KW - how KW - identification KW - imperative KW - in KW - incorporate KW - increasingly KW - instead KW - is KW - it KW - less KW - likely KW - loss KW - lost KW - major KW - matter KW - maxima KW - may KW - microaerobic KW - minimum KW - models KW - more KW - nh4 KW - nitrate KW - nitrogen KW - nitrogen-loss KW - no2- KW - no3- KW - obtains KW - occurred KW - ocean KW - oceanic KW - of KW - omz KW - omzs KW - on KW - only KW - openocean KW - or KW - organic KW - our KW - oxidation KW - oxygen KW - pacific KW - pairing KW - part AU - Lam, Phyllis AU - Lavik, Gaute AU - Jensen, Marlene AU - van de Vossenberg, Jack AU - Schmid, Markus AU - Woebken, Dagmar AU - Gutiérrez, Dimitri AU - Amann, Rudolf AU - Jetten, Mike AU - Kuypers, Marcel PY - 2009/03/24/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812444106 ER -