Punishment allows the evolution of cooperation (or anything else) in sizable groups Export

@article{citeulike:4683118, abstract = {Existing models suggest that reciprocity is unlikely to evolve in large groups as a result of natural selection. In these models, reciprocators punish noncooperation by with-holding future cooperation, and thus also penalize other cooperators in the group. Here, we analyze a model in which the response is some form of punishment that is directed solely at noncooperators. We refer to such alternative forms of punishment as retribution . We show that cooperation enforced by retribution can lead to the evolution of cooperation in two qualitatively different ways. (1) If benefits of cooperation to an individual are greater than the costs to a single individual of coercing the other n − 1 individuals to cooperate, then strategies which cooperate and punish noncooperators, strategies which cooperate only if punished, and, sometimes, strategies which cooperate but do not punish will coexist in the long run. (2) If the costs of being punished are large enough, moralistic strategies which cooperate, punish noncooperators, and punish those who do not punish noncooperators can be evolutionarily stable. We also show, however, that moralistic strategies can cause any individually costly behavior to be evolutionarily stable, whether or not it creates a group benefit.}, author = {Boyd, R. and Richerson, P.}, citeulike-article-id = {4683118}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(92)90032-Y}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/016230959290032Y}, doi = {10.1016/0162-3095(92)90032-Y}, issn = {01623095}, journal = {Ethology and Sociobiology}, keywords = {cooperation, evolution, game-theory}, month = {May}, number = {3}, pages = {171--195}, posted-at = {2009-05-30 22:47:43}, priority = {4}, title = {Punishment allows the evolution of cooperation (or anything else) in sizable groups}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(92)90032-Y}, volume = {13}, year = {1992} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:4683118 L3 - citeulike-article-id:4683118 N2 - Existing models suggest that reciprocity is unlikely to evolve in large groups as a result of natural selection. In these models, reciprocators punish noncooperation by with-holding future cooperation, and thus also penalize other cooperators in the group. Here, we analyze a model in which the response is some form of punishment that is directed solely at noncooperators. We refer to such alternative forms of punishment as retribution . We show that cooperation enforced by retribution can lead to the evolution of cooperation in two qualitatively different ways. (1) If benefits of cooperation to an individual are greater than the costs to a single individual of coercing the other n − 1 individuals to cooperate, then strategies which cooperate and punish noncooperators, strategies which cooperate only if punished, and, sometimes, strategies which cooperate but do not punish will coexist in the long run. (2) If the costs of being punished are large enough, moralistic strategies which cooperate, punish noncooperators, and punish those who do not punish noncooperators can be evolutionarily stable. We also show, however, that moralistic strategies can cause any individually costly behavior to be evolutionarily stable, whether or not it creates a group benefit. IS - 3 JF - Ethology and Sociobiology SN - 01623095 EP - 195 TI - Punishment allows the evolution of cooperation (or anything else) in sizable groups VL - 13 SP - 171 KW - cooperation KW - evolution KW - game-theory AU - Boyd, R AU - Richerson, P PY - 1992/05// UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(92)90032-Y ER -