Cocoa Reduces Blood Pressure and Insulin Resistance and Improves Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Hypertensives Export

@article{citeulike:4746549, abstract = {Consumption of flavanol-rich dark chocolate (DC) has been shown to decrease blood pressure (BP) and insulin resistance in healthy subjects, suggesting similar benefits in patients with essential hypertension (EH). Therefore, we tested the effect of DC on 24-hour ambulatory BP, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in patients with EH. After a 7-day chocolate-free run-in phase, 20 never-treated, grade I patients with EH (10 males; 43.7{+/-}7.8 years) were randomized to receive either 100 g per day DC (containing 88 mg flavanols) or 90 g per day flavanol-free white chocolate (WC) in an isocaloric manner for 15 days. After a second 7-day chocolate-free period, patients were crossed over to the other treatment. Noninvasive 24-hour ambulatory BP, FMD, OGTT, serum cholesterol, and markers of vascular inflammation were evaluated at the end of each treatment. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were calculated from OGTT values. Ambulatory BP decreased after DC (24-hour systolic BP -11.9{+/-}7.7 mm Hg, P<0.0001; 24-hour diastolic BP -8.5{+/-}5.0 mm Hg, P<0.0001) but not WC. DC but not WC decreased HOMA-IR (P<0.0001), but it improved QUICKI, ISI, and FMD. DC also decreased serum LDL cholesterol (from 3.4{+/-}0.5 to 3.0{+/-}0.6 mmol/L; P<0.05). In summary, DC decreased BP and serum LDL cholesterol, improved FMD, and ameliorated insulin sensitivity in hypertensives. These results suggest that, while balancing total calorie intake, flavanols from cocoa products may provide some cardiovascular benefit if included as part of a healthy diet for patients with EH. 10.1161/01.HYP.0000174990.46027.70}, author = {Grassi, Davide and Necozione, Stefano and Lippi, Cristina and Croce, Giuseppe and Valeri, Letizia and Pasqualetti, Paolo and Desideri, Giovambattista and Blumberg, Jeffrey B. and Ferri, Claudio}, citeulike-article-id = {4746549}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000174990.46027.70}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/46/2/398}, citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16027246}, citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=16027246}, day = {1}, doi = {10.1161/01.HYP.0000174990.46027.70}, journal = {Hypertension}, keywords = {blood, chocolate, cocoa, hypertension, insulin, pressure, resistance}, month = {August}, number = {2}, pages = {398--405}, posted-at = {2009-06-04 19:53:28}, priority = {3}, title = {Cocoa Reduces Blood Pressure and Insulin Resistance and Improves Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Hypertensives}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000174990.46027.70}, volume = {46}, year = {2005} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:4746549 L3 - citeulike-article-id:4746549 N2 - Consumption of flavanol-rich dark chocolate (DC) has been shown to decrease blood pressure (BP) and insulin resistance in healthy subjects, suggesting similar benefits in patients with essential hypertension (EH). Therefore, we tested the effect of DC on 24-hour ambulatory BP, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in patients with EH. After a 7-day chocolate-free run-in phase, 20 never-treated, grade I patients with EH (10 males; 43.7{+/-}7.8 years) were randomized to receive either 100 g per day DC (containing 88 mg flavanols) or 90 g per day flavanol-free white chocolate (WC) in an isocaloric manner for 15 days. After a second 7-day chocolate-free period, patients were crossed over to the other treatment. Noninvasive 24-hour ambulatory BP, FMD, OGTT, serum cholesterol, and markers of vascular inflammation were evaluated at the end of each treatment. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were calculated from OGTT values. Ambulatory BP decreased after DC (24-hour systolic BP -11.9{+/-}7.7 mm Hg, P<0.0001; 24-hour diastolic BP -8.5{+/-}5.0 mm Hg, P<0.0001) but not WC. DC but not WC decreased HOMA-IR (P<0.0001), but it improved QUICKI, ISI, and FMD. DC also decreased serum LDL cholesterol (from 3.4{+/-}0.5 to 3.0{+/-}0.6 mmol/L; P<0.05). In summary, DC decreased BP and serum LDL cholesterol, improved FMD, and ameliorated insulin sensitivity in hypertensives. These results suggest that, while balancing total calorie intake, flavanols from cocoa products may provide some cardiovascular benefit if included as part of a healthy diet for patients with EH. 10.1161/01.HYP.0000174990.46027.70 IS - 2 JF - Hypertension EP - 405 TI - Cocoa Reduces Blood Pressure and Insulin Resistance and Improves Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Hypertensives VL - 46 SP - 398 KW - blood KW - chocolate KW - cocoa KW - hypertension KW - insulin KW - pressure KW - resistance AU - Grassi, Davide AU - Necozione, Stefano AU - Lippi, Cristina AU - Croce, Giuseppe AU - Valeri, Letizia AU - Pasqualetti, Paolo AU - Desideri, Giovambattista AU - Blumberg, Jeffrey AU - Ferri, Claudio PY - 2005/08/01/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000174990.46027.70 ER -