A small-angle X-ray scattering study on two different polyethylene samples under pressure up to about 750 MPa reveals a decrease of the Porod invariant Q(p) with increasing pressure at constant temperatures. The volume−pressure relationship as well as the isothermal compressibility and the Grüneisen parameter for a large pressure range and the overall density range are calculated from Q(p) with the help of the Tait equation. From the Porod invariant, the parameter B(t) of the Tait equation for the sample as well as of the purely amorphous and purely crystalline polyethylene are obtained. A general relationship between B(t) and the sample density has been found.