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Microbiology and immunology, Vol. 53, No. 11. (November 2009), pp. 636-646.
Abstract
The present study analyzed whether nasal administration of viable and non-viable Lactobacillus casei CRL 431 to immunocompromised mice was capable of increasing resistance against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Weaned mice were malnourished after consuming a PFD for 21 days. Malnourished mice were fed a BCD for 7 days or BCD for 7 days with viable or non-viable L. casei nasal treatments on day 6 and day 7 (BCD+LcV and BCD+LcN, respectively). The MNC group received PFD whereas the WNC mice consumed BCD. MNC ...
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Lipids in Health and Disease, Vol. 8, No. 1. (2009), 21.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are beneficial probiotic organisms that contribute to improved nutrition, microbial balance, and immuno-enhancement of the intestinal tract, as well as lower cholesterol. Although present in many foods, most trials have been in spreads or dairy products. Here we tested whether Bifidobacteria isolates could lower cholesterol, inhibit harmful enzyme activities, and control fecal water content.METHODS:In vitro culture experiments were performed to evaluate the ability of Bifidobacterium spp. isolated from healthy Koreans (20~30 years old) to reduce cholesterol-levels in ...
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Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vol. 9999, No. 9999. (2009), NA.
Abstract
Probiotics may protect against inflammatory bowel disease through regulation of lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) function. Data are lacking on possible involvement of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). The aim of this study was to investigate whether different probiotic mixtures prevented gut inflammatory disease and the role of both IELs and LPLs.BALB/c mice received 2 probiotic mixtures orally for 3 weeks, as Mix1 (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum), or Mix2 (Lactobacillus plantarum, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis). Colitis was induced by intrarectal ...
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Inflammatory bowel diseases, Vol. 14, No. 8. (August 2008), pp. 1068-1083.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Differential immunoregulatory capabilities of probiotic Lactobacillus were explored in the context of pediatric Crohn's disease. Experimental strategies addressed molecular mechanisms of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) suppression in activated macrophages by transcriptional regulation. METHODS: Secreted factors produced by probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri strains were harvested and tested with human monocytes and macrophages. Quantitative immunoassays and real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to examine relative quantities of human cytokines and TNF mRNA, respectively, and reporter assays assessed transcriptional regulation of TNF ...
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NutraIngredients.com (2009 March 19)
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Pediatrics, Vol. 123, No. 3. (1 March 2009), e544.
Abstract
10.1542/peds.2008-3821 ...
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Journal of Applied Microbiology, Vol. 106, No. 3., pp. 977-985.
Abstract
This article is currently available as a free download on IngentaConnect ...
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Journal of animal science, Vol. 87, No. 3. (March 2009), pp. 922-934.
Abstract
In this study, the influence of the probiotics, Pediococcus acidilactici (PA) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii (SCB), on intestinal immune traits and resistance to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection was evaluated in pigs. Two weeks before farrowing, 30 sows and their future litters were allocated to the following treatments: 1) control group without antibiotic or probiotic treatment (CTRL), 2) control with antibiotic (tiamulin) added to weanling feed (ABT), or litters treated with 3) PA, 4) SCB, or 5) PA+SCB from 24 h ...
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Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Vol. 24, No. 1. (r 2009), pp. 33-40.
Abstract
Antimicrobials are effective agents used to combat virulent bacterial, yeast, and fungal infections that may otherwise cause rampant disease leading to skyrocketing social/economic costs and possible epidemic morbidity and mortality rates. Antibiotics are designed to attack specific bacterial pathogens but, in the process, indiscreetly reduce the number of beneficial human microbiota that is part of the gut-associated lymphatic tissue. Broad-spectrum antibiotics can upset this uniquely balanced gut ratio, allowing pathogens to propagate in a largely unrestrained environment, which may result in ...
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American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology (12 February 2009)
Abstract
Objective: Changes in epithelial tight junction protein expression and apoptosis increase epithelial permeability in inflammatory bowel diseases. The effect of the probiotic mixture VSL#3 on the epithelial barrier was studied in Dextran-Sodium-Sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Material and Methods: Acute colitis was induced in balb/c mice (3.5 % DSS for 7 days). Mice were treated with either 15 mg VSL#3 or placebo via gastric tube once daily during induction of colitis. Inflammation was assessed by clinical and histological scores. Colonic permeability ...
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BMC Gastroenterology, Vol. 9, No. 15. (2009)
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World journal of gastroenterology : WJG, Vol. 15, No. 3. (21 January 2009), pp. 321-327.
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the therapeutic effects of four strains of probiotics (E. feacalis, L. acidophilus, C. butyricum and B. adolescentis) on dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis in Balb/c mice. METHODS: Eighty Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 8 groups. Weight-loss, fecal character, fecal occult blood and hematochezia were recorded daily. Disease activity index (DAI) scores were also evaluated everyday. Length of colon was measured and histological scores were evaluated on the 13th day. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was detected. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) ...
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Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), Vol. 37, No. 2. (February 2003), pp. 343-350.
Abstract
Ob/ob mice, a model for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), develop intestinal bacterial overgrowth and overexpress tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). In animal models for alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), decontaminating the intestine or inhibiting TNF-alpha improves AFLD. Because AFLD and NAFLD may have a similar pathogenesis, treatment with a probiotic (to modify the intestinal flora) or anti-TNF antibodies (to inhibit TNF-alpha activity) may improve NAFLD in ob/ob mice. To evaluate this hypothesis, 48 ob/ob mice were given either a high-fat ...
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Nutrition Journal, Vol. 8, No. 4. (2009)
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Nutrition and cancer, Vol. 61, No. 1. (2009), pp. 103-113.
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX) 2 promotes intestinal wound healing but elicits also proinflammatory effects and has been implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis. Thus, a balanced expression of COX-2 is essential for intestinal homeostasis. This study was designed to evaluate the regulation of COX-2 by probiotic organisms and to characterize ligands and receptors involved. Colo320 and SW480 intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) were stimulated with gastrin or TNF-alpha and pre- or coincubated with commensales, bacterial supernatants, or distinct toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. COX-2 promoter activity was ...
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Journal of Food Protection, Vol. 68, No. 11. (November 2005), pp. 2295-2300.
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Mol Syst Biol, Vol. 4 (15 January 2008)
by Francois-Pierre J. Martin, Yulan Wang, Norbert Sprenger, et al.Ivan K. Yap, Torbjorn Lundstedt, Per Lek, Serge Rezzi, Ziad Ramadan, Peter van Bladeren, Laurent B. Fay, Sunil Kochhar, John C. Lindon, Elaine Holmes, Jeremy K. Nicholson
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The British journal of nutrition (6 November 2008), pp. 1-5.
Abstract
A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to determine whether probiotics might be effective in reducing the risk of infections in infancy. Infants requiring formula before the age of 2 months were recruited from community well-baby clinics. Infant formula supplemented with the probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 or placebo was administered daily until the age of 12 months. Incidence of early infections (before the age of 7 months) and incidence of recurrent (three or more) infections during the ...
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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, Vol. 295, No. 5. (1 November 2008), pp. G1025-1034.
Abstract
Live probiotic bacteria are effective in reducing gut permeability and inflammation. We have previously shown that probiotics release peptide bioactive factors that modulate epithelial resistance in vitro. The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of factors released from Bifidobacteria infantis on intestinal epithelial cell permeability and tight junction proteins and to assess whether these factors retain their bioactivity when administered to IL-10-deficient mice. B. infantis conditioned medium (BiCM) was applied to T84 human epithelial cells in the presence ...
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Immunobiology, Vol. 213, No. 8. (2008), pp. 677-692.
Abstract
Among the factors potentially involved in the increased prevalence of allergic diseases, modification of the intestinal flora or lack of microbial exposure during childhood has been proposed. T(H)2-cytokines increase the production of IgE and stimulate mast cells and eosinophils, whereas T(H)1-cytokines, such as IFN-gamma, may suppress IgE synthesis and stimulate the expression of the secretory piece of IgA. Thus, a dysregulation in the expression of T(H)1- and T(H)2-cytokines may contribute to the initiation and maintenance of allergic diseases. Lactobacilli belonging to ...
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Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Vol. 101, No. 5. (November 2008), pp. 508-516.
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Applied and environmental microbiology, Vol. 71, No. 10. (October 2005), pp. 6008-6013.
Abstract
The mechanism(s) underlying the antibacterial activity of probiotic Lactobacillus strains appears to be multifactorial and includes lowering of the pH and the production of lactic acid and of antibacterial compounds, including bacteriocins and nonbacteriocin, non-lactic acid molecules. Addition of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's minimum essential medium to the incubating medium delays the killing activity of lactic acid. We found that the probiotic strains Lactobacillus johnsonii La1, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus casei Shirota YIT9029, L. casei DN-114 001, and L. rhamnosus GR1 induced ...
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International Journal of Colorectal Disease, Vol. 21, No. 8. (December 2006), pp. 737-746.
by Peran, Laura, Camuesco, et al. Desiree, Comalada, Monica, Nieto, Ana, Concha, Angel, Adrio, Jose, Olivares, Monica, Xaus, Jordi, Zarzuelo, Antonio, Galvez, Julio
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Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Vol. 22, No. 5. (September 2005), pp. 387-394.
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World journal of gastroenterology : WJG, Vol. 14, No. 20. (28 May 2008), pp. 3188-3194.
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of three weeks' intervention with a probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) bacteria on global serum lipidomic profiles and evaluate whether the changes in inflammatory variables (CRP, TNF-alpha and IL-6) are reflected in the global lipidomic profiles of healthy adults. METHODS: We performed UPLC/MS-based global lipidomic platform analysis of serum samples (n = 26) in a substudy of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled 3-wk clinical intervention trial investigating the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics in healthy adults. RESULTS: A ...
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International Journal of Poultry Science, Vol. 7, No. 7. (2008), pp. 686-691.
Abstract
Due to growing concerns about antibiotic resistance and the potential for a ban for antibiotic growth promoters, there is an increasing interest in finding alternatives to antibiotics in poultry production. The effects of prebiotics and probiotics or direct fed microbials (DFM) on gut health and performance in poultry as well as other species are studied. The interactions between intestinal microbiota, the gut epithelium and the immune system are important in the competitive exclusion process. Such feed additives have already been shown to affect relevant functions of ...
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PLoS ONE, Vol. 3, No. 7. (23 July 2008), e2753.
Abstract
Background: Probiotic bacteria have been shown to modulate immune responses and could have therapeutic effects in allergic and inflammatory disorders. However, the signaling pathways engaged by probiotics are poorly understood. We have previously reported that a fermentation product from Bifidobacterium breve C50 (BbC50sn) could induce maturation, high IL-10 production and prolonged survival of DCs via a TLR2 pathway. We therefore studied the roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways on biological functions of ...
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American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, Vol. 294, No. 4. (April 2008)
Abstract
Probiotics promote intestinal epithelial integrity and reduce infection and diarrhea. We evaluated the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG-produced soluble proteins (p40 and p75) on the hydrogen peroxide-induced disruption of tight junctions and barrier function in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Pretreatment of cell monolayers with p40 or p75 attenuated the hydrogen peroxide-induced decrease in transepithelial resistance and increase in inulin permeability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. p40 and p75 also prevented hydrogen peroxide-induced redistribution of occludin, ZO-1, E-cadherin, and beta-catenin from the ...
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PLoS ONE, Vol. 2, No. 12. (12 December 2007), e1308.
by Sya N. Ukena, Anurag Singh, Ulrike Dringenberg, et al.Regina Engelhardt, Ursula Seidler, Wiebke Hansen, André Bleich, Dunja Bruder, Anke Franzke, Gerhard Rogler, Sebastian Suerbaum, Jan Buer, Florian Gunzer, Astrid M. Westendorf
Abstract
Background: Probiotics are proposed to positively modulate the intestinal epithelial barrier formed by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and intercellular junctions. Disruption of this border alters paracellular permeability and is a key mechanism for the development of enteric infections and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Methodology and Principal Findings: To study the in vivo effect of probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) on the stabilization of the intestinal barrier under healthy conditions, germfree mice were colonized with EcN or K12 E. coli strain ...
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Journal of Gastroenterology (5 August 2008)
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests a potential role of intestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) pathophysiology and symptom generation. Earlier studies based on classic microbiologic techniques hypothesized the presence of qualitative changes in intestinal microbiota in IBS patients. Recently, studies with molecular techniques have provided evidence of significant changes in microbial profiles in IBS and that the composition may be correlated with certain symptoms reported by patients. Although these studies are far from being exhaustive and conclusive they provide promising results that ...
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Curren Issue Intestinal Microbiology, Vol. 7, No. 1. (March 2006), pp. 1-5.
Abstract
While prebiotic substances have attracted considerable attention in terms of their stimulatory effect on intestinal calcium absorption, the potential influence of probiotic bacteria on calcium absorption has received little research emphasis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of well-characterized probiotics (Lactobacillus salivarius (UCC 118) and Bifidobacterium infantis (UCC 35624)) on calcium uptake and transepithelial calcium transport in human intestinal-like, Caco-2, cells in culture. Cells were seeded onto permeable transport membranes and allowed to differentiate, over 16 ...
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Gut, Vol. 50, No. 6. (1 June 2002), pp. 803-811.
Abstract
Background and aims: The normal gastrointestinal microflora exerts a barrier effect against enteropathogens. The aim of this study was to examine whether lactobacilli, a minor genus of the resident gut microflora, exerts a protective effect against the cellular injuries promoted by the diarrhoeagenic Afa/Dr diffusely adhering Escherichia coli (Afa/Dr DAEC) C1845 strain in human intestinal cells. Methods: Cultured human intestinal fully differentiated enterocyte-like Caco-2/TC7 cells were used. Antibacterial activity was examined by measuring the viability of the adhering C1845 bacteria. ...
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FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Vol. 63, No. 1. (2008), pp. 56-64.
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 is a probiotic strain that produces, in the presence of glycerol, reuterin, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial substance. This strain has been shown to prevent intestinal infections in vivo; however, its mechanisms of action, and more specifically whether reuterin production occurs within the intestinal tract, are not known. In this study, the effects of L. reuteri ATCC 55730 on intestinal microbiota and its capacity to secrete reuterin from glycerol in a novel in vitro colonic fermentation model were tested. ...
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Journal of Natural Medicines
Abstract
Abstract Intestinal bacteria play an important role for the metabolism of soy isoflavonoids. When soy foods are consumed, the soy isoflavone glucosides are metabolized into their aglycones and the related isoflavonoids by intestinal bacteria. We designed an in vitro microbial metabolic system using 29 commercially available human intestinal bacterial strains and elucidated the metabolism of soy isoflavone glucosides. The strains were classified into three categories, which were 14 facultative anaerobes, 13 obligate anaerobes, and 2 aerobes. Almost all facultative anaerobe strains metabolized ...
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J. Dairy Sci., Vol. 82, No. 8. (1 August 1999), pp. 1629-1634.
Abstract
The antioxidative activity of the intracellular extracts of yogurt organisms was investigated. All 11 strains tested, including five strains of Streptococcus thermophilus and six strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, demonstrated an antioxidative effect on the inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation. The antioxidative effect of intracellular extracts of 108 cells of yogurt organisms was equivalent to 25 to 96 ppm butylated hydroxytoluene, which indicated that all strains demonstrated excellent antioxidative activity. The scavenging of reactive oxygen species, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen ...
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Inflammatory bowel diseases, Vol. 15, No. 2. (February 2009), pp. 300-310.
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota plays a fundamental role in maintaining immune homeostasis. In controlled clinical trials probiotic bacteria have demonstrated a benefit in treating gastrointestinal diseases, including infectious diarrhea in children, recurrent Clostridium difficile-induced infection, and some inflammatory bowel diseases. This evidence has led to the proof of principle that probiotic bacteria can be used as a therapeutic strategy to ameliorate human diseases. The precise mechanisms influencing the crosstalk between the microbe and the host remain unclear but there is growing evidence ...
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The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue vétérinaire canadienne, Vol. 43, No. 10. (October 2002), pp. 771-774.
Abstract
Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (LGG) has been studied extensively as a probiotic in humans. However, the ability of an organism to survive passage through the intestinal tract and exert beneficial effects cannot be directly extrapolated between species. This study evaluated the ability of LGG to survive gastrointestinal transit in dogs and assessed whether oral administration of LGG is safe, in order to determine whether studies evaluating the efficacy of LGG in the treatment of canine disease are indicated. Dogs were divided ...
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Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Vol. 116, No. 1. (July 2005), pp. 31-37.
Abstract
The dietary approach to reducing the risk of atopic diseases in infancy is evolving from passive allergen avoidance to active stimulation of the immature immune system, the aim of which is to support the establishment of tolerance. The intestinal mucosa and the mucosa-associated immune system are the primary loci of allergen contact and induction of immune responsiveness. In this review we discuss cross-talk between the intestinal microbiota and the host as it pertains to healthy immunologic maturation. Understanding these complex phenomena ...
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World journal of gastroenterology : WJG, Vol. 14, No. 13. (7 April 2008), pp. 2029-2036.
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the effects of three potentially anti-inflammatory probiotic bacteria from three different genera on immune variables in healthy adults in a clinical setting based on previous in vitro characterization of cytokine responses. METHODS: A total of 62 volunteers participated in this randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled parallel group intervention study. The volunteers were randomized to receive a milk-based drink containing either Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bb12 (Bb12), or Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS (PJS) or a ...
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J. Nutr., Vol. 137, No. 3. (1 March 2007), pp. 812S-818.
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection, a highly prevalent pathogen, is a major cause of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer and a risk factor for gastric malignancies. Antibiotics-based H. pylori eradication treatment is 90% effective. However, it is expensive and causes side effects and antibiotic resistance. Probiotics could present a low-cost, large-scale alternative solution to prevent or decrease H. pylori colonization. A literature search of the MEDLINE database (1966-2006) has been performed selecting all in vitro, animal, and human fully published English-language studies dealing ...
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