The liver has several unique immunological properties that affect T cell activation and immune regulation. Recent studies have uncovered opportunities for the treatment of genetic disease by directing expression of the functional therapeutic protein to hepatocytes. In a new study in this issue of the JCI, Lüth and colleagues demonstrate that hepatic expression of a brain protein is protective against neuroinflammatory disease in a mouse model of human MS (see the related article, doi:10.1172/JCI32132). Suppression of autoimmunity was dependent on transgene expression in the liver and was mediated by induction of antigen-specific CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs. These findings suggest that the introduction of antigens to the liver may have potential as a preventative or therapeutic intervention for autoimmune disease.