The evolution of parasites in response to tolerance in their hosts: the good, the bad, and apparent commensalism. Export

@article{citeulike:3833145, abstract = {Tolerance to parasites reduces the harm that infection causes the host (virulence). Here we investigate the evolution of parasites in response to host tolerance. We show that parasites may evolve either higher or lower within-host growth rates depending on the nature of the tolerance mechanism. If tolerance reduces virulence by a constant factor, the parasite is always selected to increase its growth rate. Alternatively, if tolerance reduces virulence in a nonlinear manner such that it is less effective at reducing the damage caused by higher growth rates, this may select for faster or slower replicating parasites. If the host is able to completely tolerate pathogen damage up to a certain replication rate, this may result in apparent commensalism, whereby infection causes no apparent virulence but the original evolution of tolerance has been costly. Tolerance tends to increase disease prevalence and may therefore lead to more, rather than less, disease-induced mortality. If the parasite is selected, even a highly efficient tolerance mechanism may result in more individuals in total dying from disease. However, the evolution of tolerance often, although not always, reduces the individual risk of dying from infection.}, author = {Miller, M. R. and White, A. and Boots, M.}, citeulike-article-id = {3833145}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16817535}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=16817535}, issn = {0014-3820}, journal = {Evolution; international journal of organic evolution}, keywords = {cooperation, evolutionism, tolerance}, month = {May}, number = {5}, pages = {945--956}, posted-at = {2008-12-29 17:01:44}, priority = {2}, title = {The evolution of parasites in response to tolerance in their hosts: the good, the bad, and apparent commensalism.}, url = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16817535}, volume = {60}, year = {2006} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:3833145 L3 - citeulike-article-id:3833145 N2 - Tolerance to parasites reduces the harm that infection causes the host (virulence). Here we investigate the evolution of parasites in response to host tolerance. We show that parasites may evolve either higher or lower within-host growth rates depending on the nature of the tolerance mechanism. If tolerance reduces virulence by a constant factor, the parasite is always selected to increase its growth rate. Alternatively, if tolerance reduces virulence in a nonlinear manner such that it is less effective at reducing the damage caused by higher growth rates, this may select for faster or slower replicating parasites. If the host is able to completely tolerate pathogen damage up to a certain replication rate, this may result in apparent commensalism, whereby infection causes no apparent virulence but the original evolution of tolerance has been costly. Tolerance tends to increase disease prevalence and may therefore lead to more, rather than less, disease-induced mortality. If the parasite is selected, even a highly efficient tolerance mechanism may result in more individuals in total dying from disease. However, the evolution of tolerance often, although not always, reduces the individual risk of dying from infection. IS - 5 JF - Evolution; international journal of organic evolution SN - 0014-3820 EP - 956 TI - The evolution of parasites in response to tolerance in their hosts: the good, the bad, and apparent commensalism. VL - 60 SP - 945 KW - cooperation KW - evolutionism KW - tolerance AU - Miller, MR AU - White, A AU - Boots, M PY - 2006/05// UR - http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16817535 ER -