The concept of manipulator force control and a corresponding emphasis on the choice of appropriate mechanical hardware may ultimately be the limiting performance factor in force control. Mechanism properties, such as contact compliance, actuator-to-joint compliance, torque ripple, and highly nonlinear dry friction, affect, and often degrade, manipulator performance in force-controlled systems. This thesis describes a set of requisites for good perfomance, analyzes the effects of transmission-mechanism properties on force-controlled manipulators, and recommends mechanical-design strategies to improve perfomance. While much of the analysis applies to a broad class of transmissions, a special control-volume analysis quantifies a limit on the power efficiency of tension-element drives. A single-degree-of-freedom transmission testbed was constructed and used to confirm the predicted effect of Coulomb friction on robustness; design of a cable-driven, four-degree-of-freedom, "whole-arm" manipulator illustrates the recommended mechanical-design strategies.