Formation Flight of Birds Export

@article{lissaman70, abstract = {Formation flight of birds improves aerodynamic efficiency. Theoretically, 25 birds could have a range increase of about 70 percent as compared with a lone bird, the advantage being more pronounced when there is a tail wind. A vee formation is required to equally distribute the drag saving, and, contrary to other statements, the lead bird does not necessarily have the most strenuous position. The angle of the predicted vee compares with that observed in nature; stability mechanisms are described which make it easy and natural for the bird to sense optimal formations. 10.1126/science.168.3934.1003}, author = {Lissaman, P. B. S. and Shollenberger, Carl A.}, citeulike-article-id = {5383191}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.168.3934.1003}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/168/3934/1003}, citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5441020}, citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=5441020}, day = {22}, doi = {10.1126/science.168.3934.1003}, journal = {Science}, keywords = {air-flow, animals, birds, coordination, vision}, month = {May}, number = {3934}, pages = {1003--1005}, posted-at = {2009-08-06 17:17:46}, priority = {2}, title = {Formation Flight of Birds}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.168.3934.1003}, volume = {168}, year = {1970} }

TY - JOUR ID - lissaman70 L3 - citeulike-article-id:5383191 N2 - Formation flight of birds improves aerodynamic efficiency. Theoretically, 25 birds could have a range increase of about 70 percent as compared with a lone bird, the advantage being more pronounced when there is a tail wind. A vee formation is required to equally distribute the drag saving, and, contrary to other statements, the lead bird does not necessarily have the most strenuous position. The angle of the predicted vee compares with that observed in nature; stability mechanisms are described which make it easy and natural for the bird to sense optimal formations. 10.1126/science.168.3934.1003 IS - 3934 JF - Science EP - 1005 TI - Formation Flight of Birds VL - 168 SP - 1003 KW - air-flow KW - animals KW - birds KW - coordination KW - vision AU - Lissaman, PBS AU - Shollenberger, Carl PY - 1970/05/22/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.168.3934.1003 ER -