Distinct genomic signatures of adaptation in pre- and postnatal environments during human evolution Export

@article{citeulike:2467586, abstract = {10.1073/pnas.0712400105 The human genome evolution project seeks to reveal the genetic underpinnings of key phenotypic features that are distinctive of humans, such as a greatly enlarged cerebral cortex, slow development, and long life spans. This project has focused predominantly on genotypic changes during the 6-million-year descent from the last common ancestor (LCA) of humans and chimpanzees. Here, we argue that adaptive genotypic changes during earlier periods of evolutionary history also helped shape the distinctive human phenotype. Using comparative genome sequence data from 10 vertebrate species, we find a signature of human ancestry-specific adaptive evolution in 1,240 genes during their descent from the LCA with rodents. We also find that the signature of adaptive evolution is significantly different for highly expressed genes in human fetal and adult-stage tissues. Functional annotation clustering shows that on the ape stem lineage, an especially evident adaptively evolved biological pathway contains genes that function in mitochondria, are crucially involved in aerobic energy production, and are highly expressed in two energy-demanding tissues, heart and brain. Also, on this ape stem lineage, there was adaptive evolution among genes associated with human autoimmune and aging-related diseases. During more recent human descent, the adaptively evolving, highly expressed genes in fetal brain are involved in mediating neuronal connectivity. Comparing adaptively evolving genes from pre- and postnatal-stage tissues suggests that different selective pressures act on the development vs. the maintenance of the human phenotype.}, author = {Uddin, Monica and Goodman, Morris and Erez, Offer and Romero, Roberto and Liu, Guozhen and Islam, Munirul and Opazo, Juan C. and Sherwood, Chet C. and Grossman, Lawrence I. and Wildman, Derek E.}, citeulike-article-id = {2467586}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0712400105}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.pnas.org/content/105/9/3215.abstract}, citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.pnas.org/content/105/9/3215.full.pdf}, citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/105/9/3215}, citeulike-linkout-4 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18305157}, citeulike-linkout-5 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18305157}, day = {4}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.0712400105}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, keywords = {molecular-evolution, placentation}, month = {March}, number = {9}, pages = {3215--3220}, posted-at = {2009-08-12 00:51:55}, priority = {3}, title = {Distinct genomic signatures of adaptation in pre- and postnatal environments during human evolution}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0712400105}, volume = {105}, year = {2008} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:2467586 L3 - citeulike-article-id:2467586 N2 - 10.1073/pnas.0712400105 The human genome evolution project seeks to reveal the genetic underpinnings of key phenotypic features that are distinctive of humans, such as a greatly enlarged cerebral cortex, slow development, and long life spans. This project has focused predominantly on genotypic changes during the 6-million-year descent from the last common ancestor (LCA) of humans and chimpanzees. Here, we argue that adaptive genotypic changes during earlier periods of evolutionary history also helped shape the distinctive human phenotype. Using comparative genome sequence data from 10 vertebrate species, we find a signature of human ancestry-specific adaptive evolution in 1,240 genes during their descent from the LCA with rodents. We also find that the signature of adaptive evolution is significantly different for highly expressed genes in human fetal and adult-stage tissues. Functional annotation clustering shows that on the ape stem lineage, an especially evident adaptively evolved biological pathway contains genes that function in mitochondria, are crucially involved in aerobic energy production, and are highly expressed in two energy-demanding tissues, heart and brain. Also, on this ape stem lineage, there was adaptive evolution among genes associated with human autoimmune and aging-related diseases. During more recent human descent, the adaptively evolving, highly expressed genes in fetal brain are involved in mediating neuronal connectivity. Comparing adaptively evolving genes from pre- and postnatal-stage tissues suggests that different selective pressures act on the development vs. the maintenance of the human phenotype. IS - 9 JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences EP - 3220 TI - Distinct genomic signatures of adaptation in pre- and postnatal environments during human evolution VL - 105 SP - 3215 KW - molecular-evolution KW - placentation AU - Uddin, Monica AU - Goodman, Morris AU - Erez, Offer AU - Romero, Roberto AU - Liu, Guozhen AU - Islam, Munirul AU - Opazo, Juan AU - Sherwood, Chet AU - Grossman, Lawrence AU - Wildman, Derek PY - 2008/03/04/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0712400105 ER -