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The Provision of Vocational Guidance and Counselling for Disadvantaged Adults in Four European Countries: A Critical Review Export

Widening Participation and Lifelong Learning, Vol. 1, No. 3. (1999)

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adults career-guidance disadvantage social-exclusion

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The term ‘guidance’ here refers to vocational guidance and includes both educational and career guidance and counselling and not simply educational guidance. ‘Adults’ are here defined as people who are eligible to participate in the labour market and are not in statutory or post-compulsory full-time education. This paper reviews the provision of guidance and counselling for disadvantaged adults in the Czech Republic, Italy, Finland and Ireland, based on a transnational survey and analysis conducted between 1996 and 19981. Such provision is generally divided between state and non-state agencies (in varying proportions), is of variable quality and accessibility and is generally insufficient in quantity to meet the needs of adults at risk of social exclusion.


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