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Green Cities, Growing Cities, Just Cities?: Urban Planning and the Contradictions of Sustainable Development Export

Journal of the American Planning Association, Vol. 62, No. 3. (1996), pp. 296-312.

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economy environment equity planning

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Nothing inherent in the discipline steers planners either toward environmental protection or toward economic developmentor toward a third goal of planning: social equity. Instead, planners work within the tension generated among these three fundamental aims, which, collectively, I call the planner's triangle, with sustainable development located at its center. This center cannot be reached directly, but only approximately and indirectly, through a sustained period of confronting and resolving the triangle's conflicts. To do so, planners have to redefine sustainability, since its current formulation romanticizes our sustainable past and is too vaguely holistic. Planners would benefit both from integrating social theory with environmental thinking and from combining their substantive skills with techniques for community conflict resolution, to confront economic and environmental injustice.


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