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Cultural distance and valuation of multinational corporations Export

Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Vol. 17, No. 5. (December 2007), pp. 365-383.

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We examine the value impact of cultural differences that exist between the foreign subsidiaries and the headquarters of U.S. Multinational corporations (MNCs). We find a negative relationship between cultural distance and firm valuation. Specifically, in addition to the cultural distance index, which is a composite measure of cultural differences, most of the individual cultural attributes that make up the index have a negative effect on firm valuation. Our findings are consistent with the notion that cultural differences decrease firm value by imposing a barrier to the exploitation of internalization advantages. Our results remain robust when we use orthogonal cultural distance measures and various multivariate methodologies.


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