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Hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) induces corticosteroid-insensitive inflammation via reduction of histone deacetylase-2 (HDAC2) transcription. |
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AbstractCorticosteroids are potent anti-inflammatory agents, but corticosteroid insensitivity is a major barrier for the treatment of some chronic inflammatory diseases. Here we show that hypoxia induces corticosteroid-insensitive inflammation via reduced transcription of histone deacetylase-2 (HDAC2) in lung epithelial and macrophage cells. HDAC2 mRNA and protein expression were reduced under hypoxic conditions (1% O2). Hypoxia enhanced IL-1beta-induced interleukin-8 (CXCL-8) production in A549 cells and decreased the ability of dexamethasone to suppress the CXCL-8 production. Deletion or point mutation studies revealed that binding of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) to a HIF response element (HRE) at -320, but not HIF-1beta or HIF-2alpha, results in reduced Polymerase II (Pol II) binding at the site leading to reduced promoter activity of HDAC2. Our results suggest that activation of HIF-1alpha by hypoxia decreases HDAC2 levels, resulting in amplified inflammation and corticosteroid resistance.
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