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The Relation Between Age and Size at First Flowering of Plantago Major in Various Habitats Export

The Journal of Ecology, Vol. 78, No. 3. (1990), pp. 757-771.

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(1) Survival, age and size at first flowering and seed production of five populations of Plantago major were studied in a reciprocal-transplant experiment to investigate if differences in flowering phenology can be explained by different selection regimes. (2) Survival in the pre-reproductive phase was relatively low on a river bank, a beach plain and a path, compared to that in a sea-shore meadow and a dune grassland. Age at first flowering depended on the site as well as on the population from which plants originated. Plants from the river bank, the beach plain and the dune grassland flowered, on average, a year earlier than plants from the other populations. (3) Selection differentials of age and size at first flowering were determined for the reproductive phase. Three different selection regimes were demonstrated: plants had the highest fitness if they flowered early and were large, flowered early and were small, or flowered late and were large. (4) On the trampled-path habitat, plants that initiated flowering relatively early had a lower chance of reproducing a second time than plants that first flowered in a later year. (5) It is concluded that the between-population differences in age and size at first flowering corresponded generally with the different selection regimes before and after initiation of flowering.


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