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Computers are Social Actors Export

Human Factors in Computing Systems (1994)

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anthropomorphism file-import-08-08-28 human-computer-interaction social-interaction

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This paper represents a new experimental paradigm for the study of human-computer interaction. Five experiments provide evidence that individuals' interactions with computers are fundamentally social. The studies show that social responses to computers are not the results of conscious beliefs that computers are human or human-lik. Moreover, such behaviours do not result from users' ignorance of from psychological or social dysfunctions, nor from a belief that subjects are interacting with programmers. Rather, social responses to computers are commonplace and easy to generate. The results reported here present numerous and unprecedented hypotheses, unexpected implications for design, new approaches to usability testing, and direct methods for verification.


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