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TGF-Beta in Cancerby: J. Massague
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AbstractThe transforming growth factor [beta] (TGF[beta]) signaling pathway is a key player in metazoan biology, and its misregulation can result in tumor development. The regulatory cytokine TGF[beta] exerts tumor-suppressive effects that cancer cells must elude for malignant evolution. Yet, paradoxically, TGF[beta] also modulates processes such as cell invasion, immune regulation, and microenvironment modification that cancer cells may exploit to their advantage. Consequently, the output of a TGF[beta] response is highly contextual throughout development, across different tissues, and also in cancer. The mechanistic basis and clinical relevance of TGF[beta]'s role in cancer is becoming increasingly clear, paving the way for a better understanding of the complexity and therapeutic potential of this pathway.
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