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Shift work that includes a nighttime rotation has become an unavoidable attribute of today's 24-h society. The related disruption of the human circadian time organization leads in the short-term to an array of jet-lag-like symptoms, and in the long-run it may contribute to weight gain/obesity, metabolic syndrome/type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Epidemiologic studies also suggest increased cancer risk, especially for breast cancer, in night and rotating female shift workers. If confirmed in more controlled and detailed studies, the carcinogenic effect of night and shift work will constitute additional serious medical, economic, and social problems for a substantial proportion of the working population. Here, we examine the possible multiple and interconnected cancer-promoting mechanisms as a consequence of shift work, i.e., repeated disruption of the circadian system, pineal hormone melatonin suppression by exposure to light at night, sleep-deprivation-caused impairment of the immune system, plus metabolic changes favoring obesity and generation of proinflammatory reactive oxygen species.
This article is not solely about sleep and sleep deprivation, but I feel that it does cover a key area of interest. As part of our project we are addressing lifestyle causes of sleep deprivation. I feel that this article does a good job at addressing one, but very substantial, cause of sleep deprivation. That cause is shift work.
This article is a clinical review of shift work and cancer risk. It examines the potential mechanistic roles of circadian disruption, light at night, and sleep deprivation. Since it is a clinical review it looked at all the current scientific information available on the topic and synthesized it a single report. That being said, there are over 100 references sited; however, not all of the references are clinical studies. The article was written by a doctor and a biomedical engineer so it was very technical. Some of the information can be difficult to decipher, but overall it is very clear and concise.
The article begins by discussing how sleep works, or circadian timekeeping. The sections that were of particular interest to me were the ones discussing the effects of sleep deprivation caused by shift work. They discuss the potential role in pathology and cancer, the effects on the immune system, inflammation, and lastly endocrine effects, obesity, and reactive oxygen species.
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