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New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 368, No. 9. (28 February 2013), pp. 842-851, doi:10.1056/nejmra1204892 Key: citeulike:12122052
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Within the next 5 years, international efforts may characterize the distribution of clonally dominant somatic mutations (those present in the majority of cells within a cancer) in more than 21,000 cancers of diverse types.1 A reduction in costs and improvements in technology have placed the sequencing of patients' tumors within practical reach. Preliminary results suggest that full characterization of cancer genomes can be accomplished in a clinically useful time frame.2,3 Cancer genomics has been the subject of several recent reviews,4-7 but these have not focused on the implications and opportunities afforded by the realization that cancers are composed of cellular clones. The notion that most cancers are ecosystems of evolving clones has implications for clinical application; we review these, with particular focus on epithelial cancers.
Copy-number aberration: An increase or decrease in the number of copies of DNA segments of tens to hundreds of base pairs in size (normally two copies per cell).
.Epigenetic:
Related to heritable phenotypes or modifications not based in the DNA sequence; DNA methylation and histone methylation are examples.
.Loss-of-function mutation: A mutation that reduces or eliminates the function of the protein encoded by the gene in which the mutation lies.
.Microarray-based comparative genome hybridization: A method for detecting copy-number aberrations in DNA.
.Next-generation sequencing (also called second-generation sequencing): Methods that have in common the generation of a DNA sequence from single molecules of DNA and the simultaneous sequencing of hundreds of millions of DNA fragments at the same time on a single platform (massively parallel sequencing).
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