Developmental changes in baseline cortisol activity in early childhood: relations with napping and effortful control. Export

@article{Watamura2004, abstract = {Development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis was examined using salivary cortisol levels assessed at wake-up, midmorning, midafternoon, and bedtime in 77 children aged 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months, in a cross-sectional design. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses were used to characterize cortisol production across the day and to examine age-related differences. Using area(s) under the curve (AUC), cortisol levels were higher among the 12-, 18-, and 24-month children than among the 30- and 36-month children. For all five age groups, cortisol levels were highest at wake-up and lowest at bedtime. Significant decreases were noted between wake-up and midmorning, and between midafternoon and bedtime. Unlike adults, midafternoon cortisol levels were not significantly lower than midmorning levels. Over this age period, children napped less and scored increasingly higher on parent reports of effortful control. Among the 30- and 36-month children, shorter naps were associated with more adultlike decreases in cortisol levels from midmorning to midafternoon. Considering all of the age groups together, effortful control correlated negatively with cortisol levels after controlling for age. These results suggest that circadian regulation of the HPA axis continues to mature into the third year in humans, and that its maturation corresponds to aspects of behavioral development.}, author = {Watamura, S. E. and Donzella, B. and Kertes, D. A. and Gunnar, M. R.}, citeulike-article-id = {4432208}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dev.20026}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15505801}, citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=15505801}, doi = {10.1002/dev.20026}, issn = {0012-1630}, journal = {Developmental psychobiology}, keywords = {age, control, cortisol, cross-sectional, development, endocrine, hlm, hpa-axis, saliva}, month = {November}, number = {3}, pages = {125--133}, posted-at = {2009-04-29 10:09:07}, priority = {2}, title = {Developmental changes in baseline cortisol activity in early childhood: relations with napping and effortful control.}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dev.20026}, volume = {45}, year = {2004} }

TY - JOUR ID - Watamura2004 L3 - citeulike-article-id:4432208 N2 - Development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis was examined using salivary cortisol levels assessed at wake-up, midmorning, midafternoon, and bedtime in 77 children aged 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months, in a cross-sectional design. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses were used to characterize cortisol production across the day and to examine age-related differences. Using area(s) under the curve (AUC), cortisol levels were higher among the 12-, 18-, and 24-month children than among the 30- and 36-month children. For all five age groups, cortisol levels were highest at wake-up and lowest at bedtime. Significant decreases were noted between wake-up and midmorning, and between midafternoon and bedtime. Unlike adults, midafternoon cortisol levels were not significantly lower than midmorning levels. Over this age period, children napped less and scored increasingly higher on parent reports of effortful control. Among the 30- and 36-month children, shorter naps were associated with more adultlike decreases in cortisol levels from midmorning to midafternoon. Considering all of the age groups together, effortful control correlated negatively with cortisol levels after controlling for age. These results suggest that circadian regulation of the HPA axis continues to mature into the third year in humans, and that its maturation corresponds to aspects of behavioral development. IS - 3 JF - Developmental psychobiology SN - 0012-1630 EP - 133 TI - Developmental changes in baseline cortisol activity in early childhood: relations with napping and effortful control. VL - 45 SP - 125 KW - age KW - control KW - cortisol KW - cross-sectional KW - development KW - endocrine KW - hlm KW - hpa-axis KW - saliva AU - Watamura, SE AU - Donzella, B AU - Kertes, DA AU - Gunnar, MR PY - 2004/11// UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dev.20026 ER -