Stimulus–response learning in long-term cocaine users: Acquired equivalence and probabilistic category learning☆ Export

@article{citeulike:1900445, abstract = {The purpose of this study was to examine stimulus–response (S–R) learning in active cocaine users. Twenty-two cocaine-dependent participants (20 males and 2 females) and 21 non-drug using control participants (19 males and 2 females) who were similar in age and education were administered two computerized learning tasks. The Acquired Equivalence task initially requires learning of simple antecedent–consequent discriminations, but later requires generalization of this learning when the stimuli are presented in novel recombinations. The Weather Prediction task requires the prediction of a dichotomous outcome based on different stimuli combinations when the stimuli predict the outcome only probabilistically. On the Acquired Equivalence task, cocaine users made significantly more errors than control participants when required to learn new discriminations while maintaining previously learned discriminations, but performed similarly to controls when required to generalize this learning. No group differences were seen on the Weather Prediction task. Cocaine users' learning of stimulus discriminations under conflicting response demands was impaired, but their ability to generalize this learning once they achieved criterion was intact. This performance pattern is consistent with other laboratory studies of long-term cocaine users that demonstrated that established learning interfered with new learning on incremental learning tasks, relative to healthy controls, and may reflect altered dopamine transmission in the basal ganglia of long-term cocaine users.}, address = {Columbia University, 2960 Broadway, New York, NY 10027-6902, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA.}, author = {Vadhan, Nehal P. and Myers, Catherine E. and Rubin, Eric and Shohamy, Daphna and Foltin, Richard W. and Gluck, Mark A.}, citeulike-article-id = {1900445}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.09.013}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0376871607003663}, citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17976927}, citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=17976927}, day = {11}, doi = {10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.09.013}, issn = {03768716}, journal = {Drug and Alcohol Dependence}, keywords = {acquired\_equivalence\_learning, cocaine, cocaine\_users, learning, probabilistic\_category\_learning, s-r, s-r\_learning, stimulus\_response, stimulus\_response\_learning}, month = {January}, number = {1-2}, pages = {155--162}, posted-at = {2009-11-10 00:22:43}, priority = {2}, title = {Stimulus–response learning in long-term cocaine users: Acquired equivalence and probabilistic category learning☆}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.09.013}, volume = {93}, year = {2008} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:1900445 L3 - citeulike-article-id:1900445 N2 - The purpose of this study was to examine stimulus–response (S–R) learning in active cocaine users. Twenty-two cocaine-dependent participants (20 males and 2 females) and 21 non-drug using control participants (19 males and 2 females) who were similar in age and education were administered two computerized learning tasks. The Acquired Equivalence task initially requires learning of simple antecedent–consequent discriminations, but later requires generalization of this learning when the stimuli are presented in novel recombinations. The Weather Prediction task requires the prediction of a dichotomous outcome based on different stimuli combinations when the stimuli predict the outcome only probabilistically. On the Acquired Equivalence task, cocaine users made significantly more errors than control participants when required to learn new discriminations while maintaining previously learned discriminations, but performed similarly to controls when required to generalize this learning. No group differences were seen on the Weather Prediction task. Cocaine users’ learning of stimulus discriminations under conflicting response demands was impaired, but their ability to generalize this learning once they achieved criterion was intact. This performance pattern is consistent with other laboratory studies of long-term cocaine users that demonstrated that established learning interfered with new learning on incremental learning tasks, relative to healthy controls, and may reflect altered dopamine transmission in the basal ganglia of long-term cocaine users. IS - 1-2 JF - Drug and Alcohol Dependence SN - 03768716 AD - Columbia University, 2960 Broadway, New York, NY 10027-6902, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA. EP - 162 TI - Stimulus–response learning in long-term cocaine users: Acquired equivalence and probabilistic category learning☆ VL - 93 SP - 155 KW - acquired_equivalence_learning KW - cocaine KW - cocaine_users KW - learning KW - probabilistic_category_learning KW - s-r KW - s-r_learning KW - stimulus_response KW - stimulus_response_learning AU - Vadhan, Nehal AU - Myers, Catherine AU - Rubin, Eric AU - Shohamy, Daphna AU - Foltin, Richard AU - Gluck, Mark PY - 2008/01/11/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.09.013 ER -