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Philanthropy and public enterprise: International exhibitions and the modern town planning movement, 18891913 Export

Planning Perspectives, Vol. 10, No. 3. (1995), pp. 295-310.

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The purpose of this paper is to explore how modern town planning became an international movement before 1914. In this formative period, there was a professionalization of skills in town planning which might have fragmented the movement. Yet this did not happen. Experts were held together by the search for a better urban environment for the future. This search took place at meetings held at world expositions in cities across Europe and North America and it was funded largely by private philanthropy. This unique context shaped international collaboration.


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