aocronin's lead [12 articles]

Abstract

The association between body lead burden and kidney disease remains controversial. Fifty-five African-American end-stage renal disease (ESRD) cases and 53 age- and sex-matched African-American controls without known renal disease were recruited from Tulane University-affiliated dialysis clinics and out-patient clinics, respectively. Blood lead was measured via atomic absorption spectrophotometry and tibia lead (a measure of body lead) was measured via (109)Cd-based K shell X-ray fluorescence. Median blood lead levels were significantly higher among ESRD cases (6 microg/dL) compared to their control counterparts ...

Abstract

We have developed a technique for the highly selective and sensitive detection of Pb(2+) and Hg(2+) using a thrombin-binding aptamer (TBA) probe labeled with the donor carboxyfluorescein (FAM) and the quencher 4-([4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]azo)benzoic acid (DABCYL) at its 5' and 3' termini, respectively. The TBA has a random coil structure that changes into a G-quartet structure and a hairpin-like structure upon binding Pb(2+) and Hg(2+) ions, respectively. As a result, the fluorescence decreases through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the fluorophore and ...

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relations between bone mineral density (BMD) and lead in blood, tibia, and patella and to investigate how BMD modifies these lead biomarkers in older women. DESIGN: In this study, we used cross-sectional analysis. PARTICIPANTS: We studied 112 women, 50-70 years of age, including both whites and African Americans, residing in Baltimore, Maryland. MEASUREMENTS: We measured lumbar spine BMD, blood and bone lead by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, anodic stripping voltammetry, and ...

Abstract

Tap water in a city like Boston, which has old houses containing lead plumbing, is known to be a significant source of potential lead exposure. Bone lead levels integrate exposure over many years, and in vivo bone lead measurements have recently become possible with the advent of K x-ray fluorescence instruments. Thus we examined the relationship between first morning tap-water lead levels measured in homes in the 1970s and levels of lead in bone measured in the 1990s among middle-aged to ...

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to investigate the mobilization of lead from bone to blood (endogenous exposure) in a large epidemiologic population. METHODS: Study subjects were 776 participants in the Normative Aging Study. The subjects had their tibia lead, patella lead, blood lead, and urinary N-telopeptide (NTx) levels measured 1 to 4 times from 1991 to 2002. Regression models were estimated to quantify the association between tibia and patella lead and blood lead. We studied nonlinearity of the association, ...

Abstract

Ca, P, Al, and trace metal (Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Pb) concentrations were measured in several aquatic invertebrate taxa used as food by breeding insectivorous waterfowl, sampled from three sites in eastern Canada with widely varying water chemistry. Ca concentrations were highest in molluscs (snails and clams), averaging 200-300 mg g(-1) (shells included). Aquatic insects of varying sizes, life stages and habits (caddisfly larvae, dragonfly larvae, adult backswimmers, waterstriders, and whirligig beetles) had much lower mean Ca concentrations, ranging from ...

Abstract

Between August 1992 and November 1995, 31 moribund or dead common loons (Gavia immer) found in the three Maritime provinces of Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island) were necropsied. Eight of these birds were in good body condition and died acutely from drowning or trauma. The remaining 23 birds were in poor body condition and had either chronic lead poisoning, respiratory mycosis, or oil contamination of their plumage. Loons in poor body condition had significantly higher numbers of intestinal ...

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) that predisposes individuals to fractures. Although an elderly affliction, a predisposition may develop during adolescence if a sufficient peak BMD is not achieved. Rat studies have found that lead exposure is associated with decreased BMD. However, human studies are limited. We hypothesized that the BMD of children with high lead exposure would be lower than the BMD of children with low lead exposure. We collected data on 35 subjects; 16 had low ...

Abstract

The relationship between performance on cognitive tasks and circulating levels of lead in blood and accumulated levels of lead in bone was examined in 141 middle-aged and elderly men from a longitudinal study of aging. The mean (SD) blood lead level was low [5.5 (3.5) μg/dl], and mean patella and tibia lead levels were 31.7 (19.2) and 22.5 (12.2) μg/g bone mineral, respectively. Cognitive tests measured attention, perceptual speed, memory, language, and spatial copying. Regression models, adjusted for age and education, ...

Abstract

During December 1983 and early January 1984, about 200 Canada geese (Branta canadensis) died of lead poisoning at Parker River National Wildlife Refuge on Plum Island, Massachusetts. In an effort to determine the source of lead, 100 bottom samples were taken from a refuge impoundment where much of the mortality/morbidity occurred. An average of 157,150 pellets/ha was found with a range of 64,582 to 322,910 pellets/ha. Water levels in this impoundment were low when Canada geese arrived, making shot more readily ...

Abstract

Diagnostic findings are presented on 522 common loons (Gavia immer) found dead or moribund in New England (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont, USA) between 1987 and 2000. Common loon numbers and range in New England have decreased from historic levels over the last century due to a number of proposed factors. Goals of this study were to identify and categorize causes of mortality and quantify natural versus anthropogenic causes. The majority of identifiable mortality in chicks was ...

Abstract

We coupled intensive population monitoring with collection of blood samples from 383 nesting Pacific common eiders (Somateria mollisima v-nigrum) at two locations in Alaska (USA) from 2002 to 2004. We investigated annual, geographic, and within-season variation in blood concentrations of lead and selenium; compared exposure patterns with sympatrically nesting spectacled eiders (Somateria fischeri); and examined relationships with clutch size, egg viability, probability of hatching, and apparent survival of adult females. Lead concentrations were elevated in 3.6% of females, and all individuals ...