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Finite Element Methods for Active Contour Models and Balloons for 2D and 3D Images Export

IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 15 (1991), pp. 1131-1147.

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The use of energy-minimizing curves, known as "snakes" to extract features of interest in images has been introduced by Kass, Witkin and Terzopoulos [23]. A balloon model was introduced in [12] as a way to generalize and solve some of the problems encountered with the original method. We present a 3D generalization of the balloon model as a 3D deformable surface, which evolves in 3D images. It is deformed under the action of internal and external forces attracting the surface toward detected edgels by means of an attraction potential. We also show properties of energy-minimizing surfaces concerning their relationship with 3D edge points. To solve the minimization problem for a surface, two simplified approaches are shown first, defining a 3D surface as a series of 2D planar curves. Then, after comparing Finite Element Method and Finite Difference Method in the 2D problem, we solve the 3D model using the Finite Element Method yielding greater stability and faster convergence. We have a...


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