Men's susceptibility to HIV in Swaziland

HIV prevention that uses gender as an analytical framework tends to focus on the ways in which gender inequalities differentially affect women's susceptibility to HIV infection. Men, in this context, are often conceptualized as aggressors, as opposed to women, who are seen as passive victims of HIV infection. In recent years, a growing number of researchers and public health officials have called attention to the pitfalls of this paradigm, pointing out that gender inequities harm both women and men. The first step towards transforming gender norms is to understand what norms currently exist. With this in mind, the aim of this paper is to consolidate and analyse literature that examines structural factors that contribute to the continued HIV infection of men in Swaziland, the country with the highest prevalence of HIV. Gaps in current literature related to this topic are also elucidated. Findings highlight the need for research to be conducted in Swaziland and elsewhere that investigates the effects of gender norms on the wellbeing of both women and men.