Depressive symptoms and risk of stroke: the Rotterdam Study Export

@article{citeulike:3198550, abstract = {BackgroundPrevious studies that have assessed whether the presence of depressive symptoms predisposes to stroke in the general elderly population have been contradictory. Moreover, they did not distinguish between men and women and did not perform psychiatric workups in those with depressive symptoms. This study examines the association between depressive symptoms, depressive disorder and the risk of stroke in the general population. MethodsThis prospective population based cohort study included 4424 participants from the third Rotterdam Study Survey (1997-1999) who, at that time, were [\>=]61 years of age and free from stroke. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD) and considered present if the CESD score was [\>=]16. Participants with depressive symptoms had a diagnostic interview for depressive disorder. Follow-up was complete until 1 January 2005. Data were analysed using Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for relevant confounders. ResultsMen with depressive symptoms (n = 73) were at increased risk of stroke (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 2.17; 95\% CI 1.11 to 4.23) and ischaemic stroke (adjusted HR 3.21; 95\% CI 1.62 to 6.38). These associations were at least partly attributable to men who reported depressive symptoms but who did not fulfil Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV diagnostic criteria for depressive disorder (n = 32): they had a very high risk of stroke (adjusted HR 2.70; 95\% CI 1.15 to 6.33) and ischaemic stroke (adjusted HR 4.01; 95\% CI 1.68 to 9.57). In women there was no association between presence of depressive symptoms and risk of stroke. ConclusionsPresence of depressive symptoms is a strong risk factor for stroke in men but not in women. 10.1136/jnnp.2007.134965}, author = {Bos, M. J. and Linden, T. and Koudstaal, P. J. and Hofman, A. and Skoog, I. and Breteler, M. M. B. and Tiemeier, H.}, citeulike-article-id = {3198550}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2007.134965}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://jnnp.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/79/9/997}, citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18208858}, citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18208858}, doi = {10.1136/jnnp.2007.134965}, journal = {J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry}, keywords = {depression, stroke}, month = {September}, number = {9}, pages = {997--1001}, posted-at = {2008-09-06 03:46:03}, priority = {2}, title = {Depressive symptoms and risk of stroke: the Rotterdam Study}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2007.134965}, volume = {79}, year = {2008} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:3198550 L3 - citeulike-article-id:3198550 N2 - BackgroundPrevious studies that have assessed whether the presence of depressive symptoms predisposes to stroke in the general elderly population have been contradictory. Moreover, they did not distinguish between men and women and did not perform psychiatric workups in those with depressive symptoms. This study examines the association between depressive symptoms, depressive disorder and the risk of stroke in the general population. MethodsThis prospective population based cohort study included 4424 participants from the third Rotterdam Study Survey (1997-1999) who, at that time, were [>=]61 years of age and free from stroke. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD) and considered present if the CESD score was [>=]16. Participants with depressive symptoms had a diagnostic interview for depressive disorder. Follow-up was complete until 1 January 2005. Data were analysed using Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for relevant confounders. ResultsMen with depressive symptoms (n = 73) were at increased risk of stroke (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 2.17; 95% CI 1.11 to 4.23) and ischaemic stroke (adjusted HR 3.21; 95% CI 1.62 to 6.38). These associations were at least partly attributable to men who reported depressive symptoms but who did not fulfil Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV diagnostic criteria for depressive disorder (n = 32): they had a very high risk of stroke (adjusted HR 2.70; 95% CI 1.15 to 6.33) and ischaemic stroke (adjusted HR 4.01; 95% CI 1.68 to 9.57). In women there was no association between presence of depressive symptoms and risk of stroke. ConclusionsPresence of depressive symptoms is a strong risk factor for stroke in men but not in women. 10.1136/jnnp.2007.134965 IS - 9 JF - J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry EP - 1001 TI - Depressive symptoms and risk of stroke: the Rotterdam Study VL - 79 SP - 997 KW - depression KW - stroke AU - Bos, MJ AU - Linden, T AU - Koudstaal, PJ AU - Hofman, A AU - Skoog, I AU - Breteler, MMB AU - Tiemeier, H PY - 2008/09/01/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2007.134965 ER -