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Improved minimax predictive densities under Kullback--Leibler loss TeX Export

(16 May 2006)

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density-estimation multivariate-normal

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Let $X| μ ∼ N_p(μ,v_xI)$ and $Y| μ ∼ N_p(μ,v_yI)$ be independent p-dimensional multivariate normal vectors with common unknown mean $μ$. Based on only observing $X=x$, we consider the problem of obtaining a predictive density $p(y| x)$ for $Y$ that is close to $p(y| μ)$ as measured by expected Kullback--Leibler loss. A natural procedure for this problem is the (formal) Bayes predictive density $p_\mathrmU(y| x)$ under the uniform prior $π_\mathrmU(μ)≡ 1$, which is best invariant and minimax. We show that any Bayes predictive density will be minimax if it is obtained by a prior yielding a marginal that is superharmonic or whose square root is superharmonic. This yields wide classes of minimax procedures that dominate $p_\mathrmU(y| x)$, including Bayes predictive densities under superharmonic priors. Fundamental similarities and differences with the parallel theory of estimating a multivariate normal mean under quadratic loss are described.


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