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Information Research, Vol. 18, No. 1. (March 2013)
posted to search_behavior
by dabilock
on 2013-03-18 20:59:52
Abstract
Introduction. This paper describes how the seminal information seeking behaviour models of Ellis, Meho and Tibbo and Marchionini were used as scaffolds to examine the information search behaviour of users working with a commonly implemented information source in organizations: electronic document and record management systems. Method. A literature review on the information seeking behaviour models was conducted prior to hypothesising the search behaviour of electronic document and record management systems users. Ellis's, Meho and Tibbo's and Marchionini's models were identified as seminal ...
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Information Research, Vol. 18, No. 1. (March 2013)
Abstract
Introduction. People search for information on different search engines billions of times day all over the developed world. Not all Web resources are, however, equally authoritative and not all searches return equally authoritative results. Earlier studies have demonstrated the complexity of credibility assessments, but also simultaneously the existence of strong tendencies to uncritically accept the credibility of the information retrieved by a search engine. The success of a search is related, but not the same notion as the authority of the ...
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Abstract
Numerous studies indicate that civil society organizations create cultural change by deploying mainstream messages that resonate with prevailing discursive themes. Yet these case studies of highly influential organizations obscure the much larger population that have little or no impact. It is therefore unclear whether civil society organizations create cultural change by deploying mainstream discourses or if they become part of the mainstream because of their success. I present an evolutionary theory of how discursive fields settle after major historical ruptures that ...
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Abstract
This study presents findings from one-on-one interviews with 21 undergraduate students at a large public research university in the southeastern United States. While the preliminary focus of the study was to be students' opinions about and use of Wikipedia as a resource for course-related research, many of the interviews evolved into discussion about the relative merits of freely-available web-based resources as compared with subscription databases. In addition to providing illuminating information about respondents' relationships with Wikipedia and Google, these interviews offered ...
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Abstract
The widespread prevalence and persistence of misinformation in contemporary societies, such as the false belief that there is a link between childhood vaccinations and autism, is a matter of public concern. For example, the myths surrounding vaccinations, which prompted some parents to withhold immunization from their children, have led to a marked increase in vaccine-preventable disease, as well as unnecessary public expenditure on research and public-information campaigns aimed at rectifying the situation. We first examine the mechanisms by which such misinformation is ...
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Abstract
The frequency with which scientists fabricate and falsify data, or commit other forms of scientific misconduct is a matter of controversy. Many surveys have asked scientists directly whether they have committed or know of a colleague who committed research misconduct, but their results appeared difficult to compare and synthesize. This is the first meta-analysis of these surveys. To standardize outcomes, the number of respondents who recalled at least one incident of misconduct was calculated for each question, and the analysis was ...
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Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly,, Vol. 77, No. 3. (September 2000), pp. 515-540
Abstract
People increasingly rely on Internet and web-based information despite evidence that it is potentially inaccurate and biased. Therefore, this study sought to assess people's perceptions of the credibility of various categories of Internet information compared to similar information provided by other media. The 1,041 respondents also were asked about whether they verified Internet information. Overall, respondents reported they considered Internet information to be as credible as that obtained from television, radio, and magazines, but not as credible as newspaper information. Credibility ...
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posted to no-tag
by dabilock
on 2012-09-02 18:21:53
Abstract
The presence (and, sometimes, prominence) of incorrect and misleading content on the Web can have serious consequences for people who increasingly rely on the internet as their information source for topics such as health, politics, and financial advice. In this paper, we identify and collect several page features (such as popularity among specialized user groups) that are currently difficult or impossible for end users to assess, yet provide valuable signals regarding credibility. We then present visualizations designed to augment search results ...
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In Human Interface and the Management of Information. Interacting with Information - Symposium on Human Interface 2011, Held as Part of HCI International 2011, Orlando, FL, USA, July 9-14, 2011, Proceedings, Part I. (2011), pp. 521-527
posted to no-tag
by dabilock
on 2012-09-02 18:02:57
Abstract
Reliance on the Internet as a source of information has increased dramatically in recent years among information seekers. The reliability of information on the Internet can sometimes be questionable due to the absence of an editorial function. Users need to carefully consider the quality of the information before using it. The goal of this research was to study the process of credibility evaluation by users. We examined how personality styles influence the way people make credibility judgments when they are browsing ...
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posted to no-tag
by dabilock
on 2012-09-02 17:57:36
Abstract
Abstract. This paper investigates whether immediate impression about websites influences only perceptions of attractiveness. The evaluative constructs of perceived usability, credibility and novelty were investigated alongside visual appeal in an experimental setting in which users evaluated 20 website screenshots in two phases. The websites were rated by the participants after viewing time of 500 ms in the first phase and with no time limit in the second. Within-website and within-rater consistency were examined in order to determine whether extremely short time period are enough to quickly form stable opinions ...
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posted to no-tag
by dabilock
on 2012-09-02 17:44:22
Abstract
Research on Web credibility assessment can significantly benefit from new models that are better suited for evaluation and study of adversary strategies. Currently employed models lack several important aspects, such as the explicit modeling of Web content properties (e.g. presentation quality), the user economic incentives and assessment capabilities. In this paper, we introduce a new, game-theoretic model of credibility, referred to as the Credibility Game. We perform equilibrium and stability analysis of a simple variant of the game and then study it as a signaling game against na¨ıve and expert information ...
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posted to no-tag
by dabilock
on 2012-09-02 17:40:06
Abstract
Twitter is now used to distribute substantive content such as breaking news, increasing the importance of assessing the credibility of tweets. As users increasingly access tweets through search, they have less information on which to base credibility judgments as compared to consuming content from direct social network connections. We present survey results regarding users’ perceptions of tweet credibility. We find a disparity between features users consider relevant to credibility assessment and those currently revealed by search engines. We then conducted two ...
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You have full text access to this content Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 62, No. 7. (April 2011), pp. 1243-1256
posted to no-tag
by dabilock
on 2012-09-02 17:32:03
Abstract
This exploratory study contributes to research on relevance assessment by specifying criteria that are used in the judgment of information quality and credibility in Internet discussion forums. To this end, 4,739 messages posted to 160 Finnish discussion threads were analyzed. Of the messages, 20.5% contained explicit judgments of the quality of information and credibility in other messages. In the judgments, the forum participants employed both positive criteria such as validity of information and negative criteria such as dishonesty in argumentation. In the evaluation of the quality of the message’s information content, the ...
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In INTERACT'11 Proceedings of the 13th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction - Volume Part I (2011), pp. 489-496
posted to no-tag
by dabilock
on 2012-09-02 17:25:06
Abstract
This paper investigates whether immediate impression about websites influences only perceptions of attractiveness. The evaluative constructs of perceived usability, credibility and novelty were investigated alongside visual appeal in an experimental setting in which users evaluated 20 website screenshots in two phases. The websites were rated by the participants after viewing time of 500 ms in the first phase and with no time limit in the second. Withinwebsite and within-rater consistency were examined in order to determine whether extremely short time period ...
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posted to no-tag
by dabilock
on 2012-09-02 16:54:29
Abstract
Social media have gained increased usage rapidly for a variety of reasons. News and information is one such reason. The current study examines how system-generated cues available in social media impact perceptions of a source’s credibility. Participants were asked to view one of six mock Twitter.com pages that varied both the number of followers and the ratio between followers and follows on the page and report their perceived source credibility. Data indicate that curvilinear effects for number of followers exist, such ...
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posted to no-tag
by dabilock
on 2012-09-02 16:42:07
Abstract
Users judge the credibility of websites while browsing for information. The criteria that influence how they judge the credibility depend on many factors. In this study we found that computer expertise had a strong impact on what criteria users used in their credibility judgments. Participants evaluated websites they found while searching and described their credibility evaluation process. The criteria identified from their evaluations differed between novice and intermediate/expert users. ...
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posted to no-tag
by dabilock
on 2012-09-02 16:33:45
Abstract
People can acquire health information intentionally or unintentionally from a variety of sources, and some health messages could contradict others. This study employed indepth qualitative interviews with college students to understand their perceptions of tanning-related conflicting health information. We report on the inconsistency perceived by college students and their strategies to make sense of the conflicting health information. Practical suggestions for health campaign developers and health information providers are discussed. ...
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First Monday, Vol. 16, No. 4. (April 2011)
posted to no-tag
by dabilock
on 2012-09-01 20:34:26
Abstract
This study examines credibility judgments in relation to peripheral cues and genre of Wikipedia articles, and attempts to understand user information verification behavior based on the theory of bounded rationality. Data were collected employing both an experiment and a survey at a large public university in the midwestern United States in Spring 2010. This study shows some interesting patterns. It appears that the effect of peripheral cues on credibility judgments differed according to genre. Those who did not verify information displayed ...
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In Proceedings of the 73rd ASIS\&T Annual Meeting on Navigating Streams in an Information Ecosystem - Volume 47 (2010)
Abstract
This study investigates how people's credibility assessment processes have evolved as they engage in increasingly diverse types of online activities beyond seeking for information or reading online news. Using an online activity diary method, information on people's online activities and their associated credibility assessment processes were collected at multiple points throughout the day for three days. This paper reports on a preliminary analysis of 2,471 diary entries received from 333 respondents. Content analysis was applied to people's descriptions of their online ...
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Abstract
Lack of trust is one of the most frequently cited reasons for consumers not purchasing from Internet vendors. During the last four years a number of empirical studies have investigated the role of trust in the specific context of e-commerce, focusing on different aspects of this multi-dimensional construct. However, empirical research in this area is beset by conflicting conceptualizations of the trust construct, inadequate understanding of the relationships between trust, its antecedents and consequents, and the frequent use of trust scales ...
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Abstract
A recent and dramatic increase in the use of automation has not yielded comparable improvements in performance. Researchers have found human operators often underutilize (disuse) and overly rely on (misuse) automated aids (Parasuraman and Riley, 1997). Three studies were performed with Cameron University students to explore the relationship among automation reliability, trust, and reliance. With the assistance of an automated decision aid, participants viewed slides of Fort Sill terrain and indicated the presence or absence of a camouflaged soldier. Results from ...
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Abstract
A vast amount of information is now available online, produced by a variety of sources with a range of editorial oversight procedures. These range from very centralized information with multiple layers of review, to no oversight at all. Determining which information is credible can pose a real challenge. An experiment was designed to determine whether certain webpage characteristics affect academics’ and students’ perception of the credibility of information presented in an online article. The experiment looked at five peripheral cues: (1) ...
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Abstract
This study examines how politically interested Internet users perceive blogs as a credible source of news and information. More specifically, this study aims to identify a new possible factor that has a moderating impact on blog credibility assessment in the collaborative nature of digital media circumstances. This study found that blog credibility was predicted by the interaction between blog reliance and online news activity, indicating that those who more actively interact with news and with other users judge blogs as more ...
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Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (10-15 April 2010)
posted to interactivity
by dabilock
on 2012-01-14 22:32:19
Abstract
Interactivity has become ubiquitous in the digital media landscape. Numerous interactive tools are designed, tested, deployed and evaluated. Yet, we do not have generalizable knowledge about the larger concept of interactivity and its psychological impact on user experience. As a first step toward a theory of interface interactivity, this paper identifies three species of interactivity corresponding to three central elements of communication – source, medium, and message. Interactivity situated in any of these three loci of communication can provide cues and affordances that operate either ...
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posted to no-tag
by dabilock
on 2012-01-14 22:28:26
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posted to news_readership
by dabilock
on 2012-01-14 22:20:12
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In UNLV Theses/Dissertation/Professional Papers/Capstones. Paper 154. (2009)
posted to credibility_news online_news
by dabilock
on 2012-01-14 22:14:20
Abstract
The increasing popularity and extensive usage of communication technologies, particularly the Internet and online news, makes it important to obtain an insightful perception of the new media. The purpose of this study is to examine the diffusion of online news use and credibility among young web users in terms of how these main users adopt, use, and trust the new media. This study attempts to find which online news sites are widely used by this group, based on the credibility of online news ...
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posted to credibility_news online_news
by dabilock
on 2012-01-14 22:06:12
Abstract
This study relied on an online survey of politically interested Web users during the 2004 presidential election to examine the degree to which people judged online information as credible. All online media were seen as only moderately credible, with blogs and online newspapers being rated higher than online broadcast and cable news. Reliance on the online source proved to be the strongest predictor of whether it was judged as credible. ...
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posted to hyperlink online_news
by dabilock
on 2012-01-14 21:53:22
Abstract
This study takes a network approach to examining international communication. Building upon the world system theory and the preferential attachment network theorem, the structure of the international network created by news media is examined. The use of external hyperlinks in 6,298 foreign sites in 20 languages from 223 news Web sites in 73 countries was examined. Findings revealed that information continues to flow from a handful of countries to the rest of the world. News media preferred linking to established information ...
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Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discover the primary components of credibility of three types of online newspapers and how the credibility of news differs by type. Design/methodology/approach – The paper participants were recruited at a large north-eastern US university. All items of credibility scales were measured using seven-point Likert-type scales. For each of the three credibility scales, the mean was computed and the scales were analysed for similarities and differences. The scales were factor analysed to determine their ...
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Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, Vol. 12, No. 2. (January 2007), pp. 478-498
posted to credibility_news online_news
by dabilock
on 2012-01-14 21:36:03
Abstract
This study examines print and online daily newspaper journalists’ perceptions of the credibility of Internet news information, as well as the influence of several factors—most notably, professional role conceptions—on those perceptions. Credibility was measured as a multidimensional construct. The results of a survey of U.S. journalists (N = 655) show that Internet news information was viewed as moderately credible overall and that online newspaper journalists rated Internet news information as significantly more credible than did print newspaper journalists. Hierarchical regression analyses ...
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Abstract
Abstract The presence of a diversity of information offers citizens access to a range of ideas, expertise and topics. In this study, a measure of content diversity was created to determine whether online citizen journalism and online newspaper publications were serving this function in the USA. Based on the findings from a quantitative content analysis (n = 962), online citizen journalism articles were more likely to feature a greater diversity of topics, information from outside sources and multimedia and interactive features. The findings suggest ...
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Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, Vol. 17, No. 2. (January 2012)
Abstract
"This study investigates a range of traditional and technological factors that contribute to credibility perceptions for three categories of online news sources. These sources include mainstream (usatoday.com, nytimes.com), independent (thedrudgereport.com, axisoflogic.com), and index-type (news.google.com, yahoo.news.com) websites. While traditional dimensions of credibility remain influential, results suggest that the hypertextuality of index-type online news sources is of particular importance. Multimediality and interactivity did not influence credibility perceptions. These results support the perspective that online media differ based on credibility and users’ perceptions are in part based ...
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In Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies - Volume 1 (2011), pp. 309-319
Abstract
Consumers increasingly rate, review and research products online (Jansen, 2010; Litvin et al., 2008). Consequently, websites containing consumer reviews are becoming targets of opinion spam. While recent work has focused primarily on manually identifiable instances of opinion spam, in this work we study deceptive opinion spam---fictitious opinions that have been deliberately written to sound authentic. Integrating work from psychology and computational linguistics, we develop and compare three approaches to detecting deceptive opinion spam, and ultimately develop a classifier that is nearly ...
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Abstract
Search engine researchers typically depict search as the solitary activity of an individual searcher. In contrast, results from our critical-incident survey of 150 users on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk service suggest that social interactions play an important role throughout the search process. A second survey of also 150 users, focused instead on difficulties encountered during searches, suggests similar conclusions. These social interactions range from highly coordinated collaborations with shared goals to loosely coordinated collaborations in which only advice is sought. Our main ...
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Abstract
Open content web sites depend on users to produce information of value. Wikipedia is the largest and most well-known such site. Previous work has shown that a small fraction of editors --Wikipedians -- do most of the work and produce most of the value. Other work has offered conjectures about how Wikipedians differ from other editors and how Wikipedians change over time. We quantify and test these conjectures. Our key findings include: Wikipedians' edits last longer; Wikipedians invoke community norms more ...
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Abstract
Many activities of editors in Wikipedia can be traced using its database dumps, which register detailed information about every single change to every article. Several researchers have used this information to gain knowledge about the production process of articles, and about activity patterns of authors. In this analysis, we have focused onone of those previous works, by Kittur et al. First, we have followed the same methodology with more recent and comprehensive data. Then, we have extended this methodology to precisely ...
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Visual Analytics Science and Technology, 2007. VAST 2007. IEEE Symposium on In Visual Analytics Science and Technology, 2007. VAST 2007. IEEE Symposium on (October 2007), pp. 163-170, doi:10.1109/vast.2007.4389010
Abstract
Wikipedia is a wiki-based encyclopedia that has become one of the most popular collaborative on-line knowledge systems. As in any large collaborative system, as Wikipedia has grown, conflicts and coordination costs have increased dramatically. Visual analytic tools provide a mechanism for addressing these issues by enabling users to more quickly and effectively make sense of the status of a collaborative environment. In this paper we describe a model for identifying patterns of conflicts in Wikipedia articles. The model relies on users' ...
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In Proceeding of the twenty-sixth annual SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems (2008), pp. 1037-1040, doi:10.1145/1357054.1357214
Abstract
Wikis are collaborative systems in which virtually anyone can edit anything. Although wikis have become highly popular in many domains, their mutable nature often leads them to be distrusted as a reliable source of information. Here we describe a social dynamic analysis tool called WikiDashboard which aims to improve social transparency and accountability on Wikipedia articles. Early reactions from users suggest that the increased transparency afforded by the tool can improve the interpretation, communication, and trustworthiness of Wikipedia articles. ...
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Abstract
Wikipedia, a wiki-based encyclopedia, has become one of the most successful experiments in collaborative knowledge building on the Internet. As Wikipedia continues to grow, the potential for conflict and the need for coordination increase as well. This article examines the growth of such non-direct work and describes the development of tools to characterize conflict and coordination costs in Wikipedia. The results may inform the design of new collaborative knowledge systems. ...
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Abstract
Peer production systems rely on users to self-select appropriate tasks and "scratch their personal itch". However, many such systems require significant maintenance work, which also implies the need for collective action, that is, individuals following goals set by the group and performing good citizenship behaviors. How can this paradox be resolved? Here we examine one potential answer: the influence of social identification with the larger group on contributors' behavior. We examine Wikipedia, a highly successful peer production system, and find a ...
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Abstract
Wikipedia is a highly successful example of what mass collaboration in an informal peer review system can accomplish. In this paper, we examine the role that the quality of the contributions, the experience of the contributors and the ownership of the content play in the decisions over which contributions become part of Wikipedia and which ones are rejected by the community. We introduce and justify a versatile metric for automatically measuring the quality of a contribution. We find little evidence that ...
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In Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems (2009), pp. 1509-1512, doi:10.1145/1518701.1518930
Abstract
Wikipedia is an online encyclopedia which has undergone tremendous growth. However, this same growth has made it difficult to characterize its content and coverage. In this paper we develop measures to map Wikipedia using its socially annotated, hierarchical category structure. We introduce a mapping technique that takes advantage of socially-annotated hierarchical categories while dealing with the inconsistencies and noise inherent in the distributed way that they are generated. The technique is demonstrated through two applications: mapping the distribution of topics in ...
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In Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems (2009), pp. 1495-1504, doi:10.1145/1518701.1518928
Abstract
The success of Wikipedia has demonstrated the power of peer production in knowledge building. However, unlike many other examples of collective intelligence, tasks in Wikipedia can be deeply interdependent and may incur high coordination costs among editors. Increasing the number of editors increases the resources available to the system, but it also raises the costs of coordination. This suggests that the dependencies of tasks in Wikipedia may determine whether they benefit from increasing the number of editors involved. Specifically, we hypothesize ...
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J Clin Oncol (Meeting Abstracts), Vol. 28, No. 15_suppl. (20 May 2010), 6058
Abstract
6058 Background: A Wiki is a website which can be directly, openly edited; Wikipedia, a collaborative encyclopedia, is a well-known example. Due to a Wiki's lack of editorial control and formal structure, we hypothesized that the content would be less complete and less accurate than that presented on a formal, peer-reviewed web site. Our goal was to compare the coverage, accuracy, and readability of cancer information from a Wiki (Wikipedia) with a peer-reviewed web site, the patient-oriented National Cancer Institute's ...
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Abstract
This study examined gender differences in information behavior concerning Wikipedia. Data were collected using a Web survey in spring 2008. The study used a convenient sample that consisted of students who had taken an introductory undergraduate course at a large public university in the Midwestern United States. A total of 134 out of 409 students participated in the study. As information consumers, male students used Wikipedia more frequently than their female counterparts did. With respect to the purposes of Wikipedia use, ...
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(2008)
Abstract
The Wikipedia is a collaborative encyclopedia: anyone can contribute to its articles simply by clicking on an “edit ” button. The open nature of the Wikipedia has been key to its success, but has also created a challenge: how can readers develop an informed opinion on its reliability? We propose a system that computes quantitative values of trust for the text in Wikipedia articles; these trust values provide an indication of text reliability. The system uses as input the revision history ...
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Abstract
Wikipedia (the “free online encyclopedia that anyone can edit”) is having a huge impact on how a great many people gather information about the world. So, it is important for epistemologists and information scientists to ask whether people are likely to acquire knowledge as a result of having access to this information source. In other words, is Wikipedia having good epistemic consequences? After surveying the various concerns that have been raised about the reliability of Wikipedia, this article argues that the ...
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