Genome sequence and analysis of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans Export

@article{citeulike:5765998, abstract = {Phytophthora infestans is the most destructive pathogen of potato and a model organism for the oomycetes, a distinct lineage of fungus-like eukaryotes that are related to organisms such as brown algae and diatoms. As the agent of the Irish potato famine in the mid-nineteenth century, P. infestans has had a tremendous effect on human history, resulting in famine and population displacement1. To this day, it affects world agriculture by causing the most destructive disease of potato, the fourth largest food crop and a critical alternative to the major cereal crops for feeding the world's population1. Current annual worldwide potato crop losses due to late blight are conservatively estimated at \$6.7 billion2. Management of this devastating pathogen is challenged by its remarkable speed of adaptation to control strategies such as genetically resistant cultivars3, 4. Here we report the sequence of the P. infestans genome, which at 240 megabases (Mb) is by far the largest and most complex genome sequenced so far in the chromalveolates. Its expansion results from a proliferation of repetitive DNA accounting for 74\% of the genome. Comparison with two other Phytophthora genomes showed rapid turnover and extensive expansion of specific families of secreted disease effector proteins, including many genes that are induced during infection or are predicted to have activities that alter host physiology. These fast-evolving effector genes are localized to highly dynamic and expanded regions of the P. infestans genome. This probably plays a crucial part in the rapid adaptability of the pathogen to host plants and underpins its evolutionary potential.}, author = {Haas, Brian J. and Kamoun, Sophien and Zody, Michael C. and Jiang, Rays H. Y. and Handsaker, Robert E. and Cano, Liliana M. and Grabherr, Manfred and Kodira, Chinnappa D. and Raffaele, Sylvain and Torto-Alalibo, Trudy and Bozkurt, Tolga O. and Ah-Fong, Audrey M. V. and Alvarado, Lucia and Anderson, Vicky L. and Armstrong, Miles R. and Avrova, Anna and Baxter, Laura and Beynon, Jim and Boevink, Petra C. and Bollmann, Stephanie R. and Bos, Jorunn I. B. and Bulone, Vincent and Cai, Guohong and Cakir, Cahid and Carrington, James C. and Chawner, Megan and Conti, Lucio and Costanzo, Stefano and Ewan, Richard and Fahlgren, Noah and Fischbach, Michael A. and Fugelstad, Johanna and Gilroy, Eleanor M. and Gnerre, Sante and Green, Pamela J. and Grenville-Briggs, Laura J. and Griffith, John and Grunwald, Niklaus J. and Horn, Karolyn and Horner, Neil R. and Hu, Chia-Hui and Huitema, Edgar and Jeong, Dong-Hoon and Jones, Alexandra M. E. and Jones, Jonathan D. G. and Jones, Richard W. and Karlsson, Elinor K. and Kunjeti, Sridhara G. and Lamour, Kurt and Liu, Zhenyu and Ma, LiJun and MacLean, Daniel and Chibucos, Marcus C. and McDonald, Hayes and McWalters, Jessica and Meijer, Harold J. G. and Morgan, William and Morris, Paul F. and Munro, Carol A. and O\^{a}€™Neill, Keith and Ospina-Giraldo, Manuel and Pinzon, Andres and Pritchard, Leighton and Ramsahoye, Bernard and Ren, Qinghu and Restrepo, Silvia and Roy, Sourav and Sadanandom, Ari and Savidor, Alon and Schornack, Sebastian and Schwartz, David C. and Schumann, Ulrike D. and Schwessinger, Ben and Seyer, Lauren and Sharpe, Ted and Silvar, Cristina and Song, Jing and Studholme, David J. and Sykes, Sean and Thines, Marco and van de Vondervoort, Peter J. I. and Phuntumart, Vipaporn and Wawra, Stephan and Weide, Rob and Win, Joe and Young, Carolyn and Zhou, Shiguo and Fry, William and Meyers, Blake C. and van West, Pieter and Ristaino, Jean and Govers, Francine and Birch, Paul R. J. and Whisson, Stephen C. and Judelson, Howard S. and Nusbaum, Chad}, citeulike-article-id = {5765998}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature08358}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature08358}, citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19741609}, citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=19741609}, day = {09}, doi = {10.1038/nature08358}, issn = {0028-0836}, journal = {Nature}, keywords = {bioinformatics, genomics}, month = {September}, number = {7262}, pages = {393--398}, posted-at = {2009-09-12 09:35:31}, priority = {0}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, title = {Genome sequence and analysis of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature08358}, volume = {461}, year = {2009} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:5765998 L3 - citeulike-article-id:5765998 N2 - Phytophthora infestans is the most destructive pathogen of potato and a model organism for the oomycetes, a distinct lineage of fungus-like eukaryotes that are related to organisms such as brown algae and diatoms. As the agent of the Irish potato famine in the mid-nineteenth century, P. infestans has had a tremendous effect on human history, resulting in famine and population displacement1. To this day, it affects world agriculture by causing the most destructive disease of potato, the fourth largest food crop and a critical alternative to the major cereal crops for feeding the world's population1. Current annual worldwide potato crop losses due to late blight are conservatively estimated at $6.7 billion2. Management of this devastating pathogen is challenged by its remarkable speed of adaptation to control strategies such as genetically resistant cultivars3, 4. Here we report the sequence of the P. infestans genome, which at 240 megabases (Mb) is by far the largest and most complex genome sequenced so far in the chromalveolates. Its expansion results from a proliferation of repetitive DNA accounting for 74% of the genome. Comparison with two other Phytophthora genomes showed rapid turnover and extensive expansion of specific families of secreted disease effector proteins, including many genes that are induced during infection or are predicted to have activities that alter host physiology. These fast-evolving effector genes are localized to highly dynamic and expanded regions of the P. infestans genome. This probably plays a crucial part in the rapid adaptability of the pathogen to host plants and underpins its evolutionary potential. IS - 7262 JF - Nature SN - 0028-0836 EP - 398 TI - Genome sequence and analysis of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans PB - Nature Publishing Group VL - 461 SP - 393 KW - bioinformatics KW - genomics AU - Haas, Brian AU - Kamoun, Sophien AU - Zody, Michael AU - Jiang, Rays AU - Handsaker, Robert AU - Cano, Liliana AU - Grabherr, Manfred AU - Kodira, Chinnappa AU - Raffaele, Sylvain AU - Torto-Alalibo, Trudy AU - Bozkurt, Tolga AU - Ah-Fong, Audrey AU - Alvarado, Lucia AU - Anderson, Vicky AU - Armstrong, Miles AU - Avrova, Anna AU - Baxter, Laura AU - Beynon, Jim AU - Boevink, Petra AU - Bollmann, Stephanie AU - Bos, Jorunn AU - Bulone, Vincent AU - Cai, Guohong AU - Cakir, Cahid AU - Carrington, James AU - Chawner, Megan AU - Conti, Lucio AU - Costanzo, Stefano AU - Ewan, Richard AU - Fahlgren, Noah AU - Fischbach, Michael AU - Fugelstad, Johanna AU - Gilroy, Eleanor AU - Gnerre, Sante AU - Green, Pamela AU - Grenville-Briggs, Laura AU - Griffith, John AU - Grunwald, Niklaus AU - Horn, Karolyn AU - Horner, Neil AU - Hu, Chia-Hui AU - Huitema, Edgar AU - Jeong, Dong-Hoon AU - Jones, Alexandra AU - Jones, Jonathan AU - Jones, Richard AU - Karlsson, Elinor AU - Kunjeti, Sridhara AU - Lamour, Kurt AU - Liu, Zhenyu AU - Ma, LiJun AU - MacLean, Daniel AU - Chibucos, Marcus AU - McDonald, Hayes AU - McWalters, Jessica AU - Meijer, Harold AU - Morgan, William AU - Morris, Paul AU - Munro, Carol AU - O’Neill, Keith AU - Ospina-Giraldo, Manuel AU - Pinzon, Andres AU - Pritchard, Leighton AU - Ramsahoye, Bernard AU - Ren, Qinghu AU - Restrepo, Silvia AU - Roy, Sourav AU - Sadanandom, Ari AU - Savidor, Alon AU - Schornack, Sebastian AU - Schwartz, David AU - Schumann, Ulrike AU - Schwessinger, Ben AU - Seyer, Lauren AU - Sharpe, Ted AU - Silvar, Cristina AU - Song, Jing AU - Studholme, David AU - Sykes, Sean AU - Thines, Marco AU - van de Vondervoort, Peter AU - Phuntumart, Vipaporn AU - Wawra, Stephan AU - Weide, Rob AU - Win, Joe AU - Young, Carolyn AU - Zhou, Shiguo AU - Fry, William AU - Meyers, Blake AU - van West, Pieter AU - Ristaino, Jean AU - Govers, Francine AU - Birch, Paul AU - Whisson, Stephen AU - Judelson, Howard AU - Nusbaum, Chad PY - 2009/09/09/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature08358 ER -