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A second lamprey from the Lower Carboniferous (Namurian) of Bear Gulch, Montana (U.S.A.)

by: Richard Lund, Philippe Janvier
Geobios, Vol. 19, No. 5. (January 1986), pp. 647-652, doi:10.1016/s0016-6995(86)80061-4  Key: citeulike:6637264

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Abstract

A second fossil lamprey is described from the Lower Carboniferous (Namurian) locality of Bear Gulch (Montana, U.S.A.), which had already yielded the type specimen of Hardistiella montanensis, the oldest and, probably, the most primitive of all known lampreys. This new specimen, which may possibly belong to the latter species, is badly preserved, but clearly shows the impressions of four to six branchial pouches which are relatively small and closely set, like those of the other Carboniferous lamprey Mayomyzon pieckoensis. They differ thus from extant lampreys, in which the branchial apparatus extends relatively far behing the eyeballs. This concentration of the branchial apparatus in early lampreys is regarded here as a primitive condition, which is also met with in many anaspids, as evidenced from their closely-set external branchial openings. The presence of an impression which recalls the loop of the trabecles in larval extant lampreys suggests that this specimen was a larval individual. Une seconde lamproie fossile est décrite dans le gisement carbonifère inférieur (Namurien) de Bear Gulch (Montana, U.S.A.), qui avait déjà livré le spécimen type de Hardistiella montanensis, la plus ancienne, et probablement la plus primitive, de toutes les lamproies connues. Ce nouveau spécimen, qui ne peut être rapporté qu'avec doute à cette espèce, est relativement mal conservé, mais montre nettement la trace de quatre à six poches branchiales étroitement accolées, comme celles de Mayomyzon pieckoensis, l'autre lamproie fossile du Carbonifère moyen. Elles diffèrent en cela des lamproies actuelles chez qui l'appareil branchial s'étend relativement loin en arrière de l'oeil. Cette concentration de l'appareil branchial chez les lamproies carbonifères est ici considérée comme un caractère primitif pour le groupe, que l'on retrouve également chez les Anaspides, autant que l'on puisse en juger par leurs orifices branchiaux externes étroitement contigus. La présence, sur ce nouveau spécimen, de traces évoquant les trabécules suggère aussi qu'il pourrait s'agir d'un individu larvaire.


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