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Adding Prediction Risk to the Theory of Reward Learning Export

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 1104, No. Reward and Decision Making in Corticobasal Ganglia Networks. (May 2007), pp. 135-146.

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adaptive_learning_rate dopamine learning reinforcement_learning rescorla-wagner uncertainty

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This article analyzesthe simple Rescorla2013Wagner learning rule from the vantage point of least squares learning theory. In particular, it suggests how measures of risk, such as prediction risk, can be used to adjust the learning constant in reinforcement learning. It argues that prediction risk is most effectively incorporated by scaling the prediction errors. This way, the learning rate needs adjusting only when the covariance between optimal predictions and past (scaled) prediction errors changes. Evidence is discussed that suggests that the dopaminergic system in the (human and nonhuman) primate brain encodes prediction risk, and that prediction errors are indeed scaled with prediction risk (adaptive encoding).


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