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A Brief History of Armed Conflict and its Impact on Biodiversity in the Central African Republicby: Allard Blom, Jean Yamindou
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AbstractLocated in the heart of the African continent, the Central African Republic (CAR) encompasses a wide array of habitats, ranging from the dry Sahelian zone in the north to the lush rainforests in the south, and supports a rich diversity of fauna and flora. Historically, the CAR has been relatively politically stable. Recently, however, the country has experienced two different types of armed conflict: 1) Three mutinies of 1996-97, which were short-term conflicts largely restricted to the capital city of Bangui; and 2) lingering insecurity in the north, caused mainly by infiltration of armed groups from Sudan. The latter of these conflicts has had a particularly devastating impact on the country's biodiversity, and especially on the wildlife in the northern half of the country, where it led to the extinction of the once-common rhinoceros. Beyond the direct loss of human life, these conflicts have contributed to overall instability, a degraded infrastructure, a weakened economy, and a decrease in social services such as health care and education. In general, neither the conservation and development sectors nor the CAR government have adequately dealt with these conflicts and their consequences. Unfortunately, some of the best opportunities for biodiversity conservation in the CAR often occur in more remote areas that tend to have a higher risk of armed conflict. Instead of avoiding such areas, conservation organizations need to consider hiring staff with appropriate experience to deal with crisis circumstances and need to devise policies to deal with such crises. Transboundary collaboration, which can be an effective approach for mitigating the impacts of these crises, should be promoted where practical.
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