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Complexity, land-use modeling, and the human dimension: Fundamental challenges for mapping unknown outcome spacesGeoforum In Conversations Across the Divide; The Time and Place for Political Ecology: The Life-Work of Piers Blaikie; Biocomplexity in Coupled Human-Natural Systems: The Study of Population-Environment Interactions, Vol. 39, No. 2. (March 2008), pp. 789-804.
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AbstractLand-use systems are characterized by complex interactions between human decision-makers and their biophysical environment. Mismatches between the scale of human drivers and the impacts of human decisions potentially threaten the ecological sustainability of these systems. This article reviews sources of complexity in land-use systems, moving from the human decision level to human interactions to effects over space, time and scale. Selected challenges in modeling such systems and potential resolutions are discussed, including strategies to empiricize complex models and methods for linking models across human and natural systems. Illustrative examples from published literature and an ongoing research project focused on timber harvest and carbon sequestration are used throughout the paper. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of remaining challenges to modeling indirect and cross-scale linkages and of the potential utility of complex models of land systems.
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