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An Empirical Study of Smoothing Techniques for Language Modeling

by: Stanley F. Chen, Joshua Goodman

edited by: Arivind Joshi, Martha Palmer

In Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (1996), pp. 310-318  Key: citeulike:482104

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Abstract

We present an extensive empirical comparison of several smoothing techniques in the domain of language modeling, including those described by Jelinek and Mercer (1980), Katz (1987), and Church and Gale (1991). We investigate for the first time how factors such as training data size, corpus (e.g., Brown versus Wall Street Journal), and n-gram order (bigram versus trigram) affect the relative performance of these methods, which we measure through the cross-entropy of test data. In addition, we...


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