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Peer-to-Peer Communication Across Network Address Translators Export

In Proceedings of the 2005 USENIX Technical Conference (2005)

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address communication contentifier nat network p2p peer peer-to-peer punch-hole tcp translator traverse udp

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Network Address Translation (NAT) causes well-known difficulties for peer-to-peer (P2P) communication, since the peers involved may not be reachable at any globally valid IP address. Several NAT traversal techniques are known, but their documentation is slim, and data about their robustness or relative merits is slimmer. This paper documents and analyzes one of the simplest but most robust and practical NAT traversal techniques, commonly known as "hole punching." Hole punching is moderately...


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