Mobile payments have been highly touted since it became apparent that the mobile phone would emerge as a ubiquitous consumer device. However early market adoption was stunted by technological challenges, a lack of standardization, fragmented commercial efforts, and most importantly, a lack of sustainable business models. More recently, however, there have been signs of renewed interest in mobile payments. Recent commercial initiatives include NTT DoCoMo and SK Telecom in Asia as well as mobile payment trials in the U.S., by PayPal Mobile, Visa and MasterCard. We believe mobile operators in the U.S. now have a real opportunity to lead this market development, given their large customer bases, and control of mobile device features, user interface, and subsidies. We define mobile payments (m-payments) as any payment transactions, whether in-store or remote, executed on mobile devices. In this paper, we first assess the market opportunity for m-payments in comparison to other traditional payment methods. We then identify and evaluate potential business models based on past and ongoing initiatives. Finally, we highlight key strategic questions for mobile operators to assess the mobile payment opportunity.