Neural Substrates of Practice Structure That Support Future Off-Line Learning Export

@article{citeulike:5489691, abstract = {Off-line learning is facilitated when motor skills are acquired under a random practice schedule and retention suffers when a similar set of motor skills are practiced under a blocked schedule. The current study identified the neural correlates of a random training schedule while participants learned a set of four-element finger sequences using their nondominant hand during functional magnetic resonance imaging. A go/no go task was used to separately probe brain areas supporting sequence preparation and production. By the end of training, the random practice schedule, relative to the block schedule, recruited a broad premotor-parietal network as well as sensorimotor and subcortical regions during both preparation and production trials, despite equivalent motor performance. Longitudinal analysis demonstrated that preparation-related activity under a random schedule remained stable or increased over time. The blocked schedule showed the opposite pattern. Across individual subjects, successful skill retention was correlated with greater activity at the end of training in the ipsilateral left motor cortex, for both preparation and production. This is consistent with recent evidence that attributes off-line learning to training-related processing within primary motor cortex. These results reflect the importance of an overlooked aspect of motor skill learning. Specifically, how trials are organized during training--with a random schedule--provides an effective basis for the formation of enduring motor memories, through enhanced engagement of core regions involved in the active preparation and implementation of motor programs. 10.1152/jn.00315.2009}, author = {Wymbs, Nicholas F. and Grafton, Scott T.}, citeulike-article-id = {5489691}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00315.2009}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://jn.physiology.org/content/102/4/2462.abstract}, citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://jn.physiology.org/content/102/4/2462.full.pdf}, citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19692514}, citeulike-linkout-4 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=19692514}, day = {1}, doi = {10.1152/jn.00315.2009}, journal = {J Neurophysiol}, keywords = {blocked, consolidation, fmri, learning, m1, memory, motor, non-dominant, practice, random, retention, skills}, month = {October}, number = {4}, pages = {2462--2476}, posted-at = {2009-08-20 13:25:59}, priority = {2}, title = {Neural Substrates of Practice Structure That Support Future Off-Line Learning}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00315.2009}, volume = {102}, year = {2009} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:5489691 L3 - citeulike-article-id:5489691 N2 - Off-line learning is facilitated when motor skills are acquired under a random practice schedule and retention suffers when a similar set of motor skills are practiced under a blocked schedule. The current study identified the neural correlates of a random training schedule while participants learned a set of four-element finger sequences using their nondominant hand during functional magnetic resonance imaging. A go/no go task was used to separately probe brain areas supporting sequence preparation and production. By the end of training, the random practice schedule, relative to the block schedule, recruited a broad premotor-parietal network as well as sensorimotor and subcortical regions during both preparation and production trials, despite equivalent motor performance. Longitudinal analysis demonstrated that preparation-related activity under a random schedule remained stable or increased over time. The blocked schedule showed the opposite pattern. Across individual subjects, successful skill retention was correlated with greater activity at the end of training in the ipsilateral left motor cortex, for both preparation and production. This is consistent with recent evidence that attributes off-line learning to training-related processing within primary motor cortex. These results reflect the importance of an overlooked aspect of motor skill learning. Specifically, how trials are organized during training--with a random schedule--provides an effective basis for the formation of enduring motor memories, through enhanced engagement of core regions involved in the active preparation and implementation of motor programs. 10.1152/jn.00315.2009 IS - 4 JF - J Neurophysiol EP - 2476 TI - Neural Substrates of Practice Structure That Support Future Off-Line Learning VL - 102 SP - 2462 KW - blocked KW - consolidation KW - fmri KW - learning KW - m1 KW - memory KW - motor KW - non-dominant KW - practice KW - random KW - retention KW - skills AU - Wymbs, Nicholas AU - Grafton, Scott PY - 2009/10/01/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00315.2009 ER -