Prevalence and Prognostic Impact of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Individuals With the Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes

@article{citeulike:2199121, abstract = {Data are limited regarding prevalence and prognostic significance of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). We investigated prevalence of subclinical CVD in 1,945 Framingham Offspring Study participants (mean age 58 years; 59\% women) using electrocardiography, echocardiography, carotid ultrasound, ankle-brachial blood pressure, and urinary albumin excretion. We prospectively evaluated the incidence of CVD associated with MetS and diabetes according to presence versus absence of subclinical disease. Cross-sectionally, 51\% of 581 participants with MetS had subclinical disease in at least one test, a frequency higher than individuals without MetS (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio 2.06 [95\% CI 1.672.55]; P < 0.0001). On follow-up (mean 7.2 years), 139 individuals developed overt CVD, including 59 with MetS (10.2\%). Overall, MetS was associated with increased CVD risk (multivariable-adjusted hazards ratio [HR] 1.61 [95\% CI 1.122.33]). Participants with MetS and subclinical disease experienced increased risk of overt CVD (2.67 [1.624.41] compared with those without MetS, diabetes, or subclinical disease), whereas the association of MetS with CVD risk was attenuated in absence of subclinical disease (HR 1.59 [95\% CI 0.872.90]). A similar attenuation of CVD risk in absence of subclinical disease was observed also for diabetes. Subclinical disease was a significant predictor of overt CVD in participants without MetS or diabetes (1.93 [1.153.24]). In our community-based sample, individuals with MetS have a high prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis that likely contributes to the increased risk of overt CVD associated with the condition. 10.2337/db07-0078}, author = {Ingelsson, Erik and Sullivan, Lisa M. and Murabito, Joanne M. and Fox, Caroline S. and Benjamin, Emelia J. and Polak, Joseph F. and Meigs, James B. and Keyes, Michelle J. and O'Donnell, Christopher J. and Wang, Thomas J. and D'Agostino, Ralph B. and Wolf, Philip A. and Vasan, Ramachandran S. }, citeulike-article-id = {2199121}, doi = {10.2337/db07-0078}, journal = {Diabetes}, month = {June}, number = {6}, pages = {1718--1726}, posted-at = {2008-01-06 03:56:30}, priority = {2}, title = {Prevalence and Prognostic Impact of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Individuals With the Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db07-0078}, volume = {56}, year = {2007} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:2199121 L3 - citeulike-article-id:2199121 TI - Prevalence and Prognostic Impact of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Individuals With the Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes JF - Diabetes VL - 56 IS - 6 SP - 1718 EP - 1726 N2 - Data are limited regarding prevalence and prognostic significance of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). We investigated prevalence of subclinical CVD in 1,945 Framingham Offspring Study participants (mean age 58 years; 59% women) using electrocardiography, echocardiography, carotid ultrasound, ankle-brachial blood pressure, and urinary albumin excretion. We prospectively evaluated the incidence of CVD associated with MetS and diabetes according to presence versus absence of subclinical disease. Cross-sectionally, 51% of 581 participants with MetS had subclinical disease in at least one test, a frequency higher than individuals without MetS (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio 2.06 [95% CI 1.672.55]; P < 0.0001). On follow-up (mean 7.2 years), 139 individuals developed overt CVD, including 59 with MetS (10.2%). Overall, MetS was associated with increased CVD risk (multivariable-adjusted hazards ratio [HR] 1.61 [95% CI 1.122.33]). Participants with MetS and subclinical disease experienced increased risk of overt CVD (2.67 [1.624.41] compared with those without MetS, diabetes, or subclinical disease), whereas the association of MetS with CVD risk was attenuated in absence of subclinical disease (HR 1.59 [95% CI 0.872.90]). A similar attenuation of CVD risk in absence of subclinical disease was observed also for diabetes. Subclinical disease was a significant predictor of overt CVD in participants without MetS or diabetes (1.93 [1.153.24]). In our community-based sample, individuals with MetS have a high prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis that likely contributes to the increased risk of overt CVD associated with the condition. 10.2337/db07-0078 AU - Ingelsson, Erik AU - Sullivan, Lisa AU - Murabito, Joanne AU - Fox, Caroline AU - Benjamin, Emelia AU - Polak, Joseph AU - Meigs, James AU - Keyes, Michelle AU - O'Donnell, Christopher AU - Wang, Thomas AU - D'Agostino, Ralph AU - Wolf, Philip AU - Vasan, Ramachandran PY - 2007/06/01/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db07-0078 ER -