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Flow and jam of granular particles in a two-dimensional hopperPhysica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Vol. 315, No. 1-2. (15 November 2002), pp. 174-180.
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AbstractThe jamming phenomenon of granular flow of mono-disperse disks in a two-dimensional hopper is studied experimentally. When the opening of the hopper d is small, jamming occurs due to formation of an arch at the hopper opening. The jamming probability as a function of the hopper opening width is measured which show a sharp decrease at some range of d. By observing the disk configurations of the arch in the jamming events, the jamming probability can be explained quantitatively using a restricted random walker model. The average horizontal and vertical spans of the jamming arch are calculated from the restricted random walk model which compares favorably with experiments.
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