Cognitive Impairment in Major Depression: Association with Salivary Cortisol Export

@article{citeulike:5655408, abstract = {Background Cognitive deficits and elevated cortisol are hallmarks of depression. Cortisol acts via mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors, which have their highest density in the hippocampus, a brain area closely related to cognitive function. Several studies have separately examined cortisol secretion and cognitive deficits in depression. However, only few studies have assessed their association in the same patients producing inconclusive results. Methods We examined 52 medication-free patients with major depression (37 women, 15 men; mean age 35 ± 11 years; Hamilton Depression Scale mean score 27 ± 5) and 50 healthy control subjects, matched for age, gender, and years of education. We applied several neuropsychological tests. Salivary cortisol levels were measured on the same day at 08:00, 12:00, 16:00, and 22:00 hours. Results Compared with healthy subjects, patients had significantly higher cortisol levels and were impaired in verbal memory, visuospatial memory, working memory, and selective attention. In depressed patients, but not in healthy control subjects, we found a negative correlation between salivary cortisol levels (area under the curve) and hippocampus-related neuropsychological domains (verbal memory, visuospatial memory) and executive function. Conclusions Cognitive deficits, especially those closely related to hippocampus function, appear to be related to cortisol secretion in depressed patients. Elevated cortisol may downregulate mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus, which could, in part, be responsible for cognitive deficits in depressed patients.}, author = {Hinkelmann, Kim and Moritz, Steffen and Botzenhardt, Johannes and Riedesel, Kirsten and Wiedemann, Klaus and Kellner, Michael and Otte, Christian}, citeulike-article-id = {5655408}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T4S-4X36TVR-3&_user=38572&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000059712&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=38572&md5=50b3814ee81fafb3446765cff6a39cb5}, journal = {Biological Psychiatry}, keywords = {cortisol, depression, neuropsych}, posted-at = {2009-08-27 01:18:40}, priority = {2}, title = {Cognitive Impairment in Major Depression: Association with Salivary Cortisol}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T4S-4X36TVR-3&_user=38572&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000059712&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=38572&md5=50b3814ee81fafb3446765cff6a39cb5}, year = {2009} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:5655408 L3 - citeulike-article-id:5655408 N2 - Background Cognitive deficits and elevated cortisol are hallmarks of depression. Cortisol acts via mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors, which have their highest density in the hippocampus, a brain area closely related to cognitive function. Several studies have separately examined cortisol secretion and cognitive deficits in depression. However, only few studies have assessed their association in the same patients producing inconclusive results. Methods We examined 52 medication-free patients with major depression (37 women, 15 men; mean age 35 ± 11 years; Hamilton Depression Scale mean score 27 ± 5) and 50 healthy control subjects, matched for age, gender, and years of education. We applied several neuropsychological tests. Salivary cortisol levels were measured on the same day at 08:00, 12:00, 16:00, and 22:00 hours. Results Compared with healthy subjects, patients had significantly higher cortisol levels and were impaired in verbal memory, visuospatial memory, working memory, and selective attention. In depressed patients, but not in healthy control subjects, we found a negative correlation between salivary cortisol levels (area under the curve) and hippocampus-related neuropsychological domains (verbal memory, visuospatial memory) and executive function. Conclusions Cognitive deficits, especially those closely related to hippocampus function, appear to be related to cortisol secretion in depressed patients. Elevated cortisol may downregulate mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus, which could, in part, be responsible for cognitive deficits in depressed patients. JF - Biological Psychiatry TI - Cognitive Impairment in Major Depression: Association with Salivary Cortisol KW - cortisol KW - depression KW - neuropsych AU - Hinkelmann, Kim AU - Moritz, Steffen AU - Botzenhardt, Johannes AU - Riedesel, Kirsten AU - Wiedemann, Klaus AU - Kellner, Michael AU - Otte, Christian PY - 2009/// UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T4S-4X36TVR-3&_user=38572&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000059712&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=38572&md5=50b3814ee81fafb3446765cff6a39cb5 ER -