Sex differences in autoimmune disease from a pathological perspective. Export

@article{citeulike:3349428, abstract = {Autoimmune diseases affect approximately 8\% of the population, 78\% of whom are women. The reason for the high prevalence in women is unclear. Women are known to respond to infection, vaccination, and trauma with increased antibody production and a more T helper (Th)2-predominant immune response, whereas a Th1 response and inflammation are usually more severe in men. This review discusses the distribution of autoimmune diseases based on sex and age, showing that autoimmune diseases progress from an acute pathology associated with an inflammatory immune response to a chronic pathology associated with fibrosis in both sexes. Autoimmune diseases that are more prevalent in males usually manifest clinically before age 50 and are characterized by acute inflammation, the appearance of autoantibodies, and a proinflammatory Th1 immune response. In contrast, female-predominant autoimmune diseases that manifest during the acute phase, such as Graves' disease and systemic lupus erythematosus, are diseases with a known antibody-mediated pathology. Autoimmune diseases with an increased incidence in females that appear clinically past age 50 are associated with a chronic, fibrotic Th2-mediated pathology. Th17 responses increase neutrophil inflammation and chronic fibrosis. This distinction between acute and chronic pathology has primarily been overlooked, but greatly impacts our understanding of sex differences in autoimmune disease.}, address = {Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe St., Room E7628, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. dfairwea@jhsph.edu}, author = {Fairweather, D. and Frisancho-Kiss, S. and Rose, N. R.}, citeulike-article-id = {3349428}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2353/ajpath.2008.071008}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://ajp.amjpathol.org/cgi/content/abstract/173/3/600}, citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18688037}, citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=18688037}, doi = {10.2353/ajpath.2008.071008}, issn = {1525-2191}, journal = {The American journal of pathology}, keywords = {differences, in, sex, sle}, month = {September}, number = {3}, pages = {600--609}, posted-at = {2008-09-29 02:02:54}, priority = {2}, title = {Sex differences in autoimmune disease from a pathological perspective.}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2353/ajpath.2008.071008}, volume = {173}, year = {2008} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:3349428 L3 - citeulike-article-id:3349428 N2 - Autoimmune diseases affect approximately 8% of the population, 78% of whom are women. The reason for the high prevalence in women is unclear. Women are known to respond to infection, vaccination, and trauma with increased antibody production and a more T helper (Th)2-predominant immune response, whereas a Th1 response and inflammation are usually more severe in men. This review discusses the distribution of autoimmune diseases based on sex and age, showing that autoimmune diseases progress from an acute pathology associated with an inflammatory immune response to a chronic pathology associated with fibrosis in both sexes. Autoimmune diseases that are more prevalent in males usually manifest clinically before age 50 and are characterized by acute inflammation, the appearance of autoantibodies, and a proinflammatory Th1 immune response. In contrast, female-predominant autoimmune diseases that manifest during the acute phase, such as Graves' disease and systemic lupus erythematosus, are diseases with a known antibody-mediated pathology. Autoimmune diseases with an increased incidence in females that appear clinically past age 50 are associated with a chronic, fibrotic Th2-mediated pathology. Th17 responses increase neutrophil inflammation and chronic fibrosis. This distinction between acute and chronic pathology has primarily been overlooked, but greatly impacts our understanding of sex differences in autoimmune disease. IS - 3 JF - The American journal of pathology SN - 1525-2191 AD - Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe St., Room E7628, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. dfairwea@jhsph.edu EP - 609 TI - Sex differences in autoimmune disease from a pathological perspective. VL - 173 SP - 600 KW - differences KW - in KW - sex KW - sle AU - Fairweather, D AU - Frisancho-Kiss, S AU - Rose, NR PY - 2008/09// UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2353/ajpath.2008.071008 ER -