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Complementary 'bottom-up' and 'top-down' approaches to basal ganglia function Export

Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Vol. 10, No. 6. (1 December 2000), pp. 725-731.

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basalganglia birdsong brain

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Recently, two quite different approaches exemplifying ‘bottom-up’ and ‘top-down’ philosophies have shed new light on basal ganglia function. In vitro work using organotypic co-cultures has implicated the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the external segment of the globus pallidus (GP e ) as pacemakers for low-frequency bursting that is reminiscent of the activity produced in Parkinsonian tremor. A circuit essential for avian song learning has been identified as part of the basal ganglia with surprisingly well conserved cellular details; investigation of this system may help to address general issues of basal ganglia function.


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