Diversity in anthers and stigmas in the buzz-pollinated genus Senna (Leguminosae, Cassiinae) Export

@article{citeulike:4938870, abstract = {The large genus Senna (Cassiinae, Leguminosae) is an outstanding example of floral structural specialization associated with buzz pollination. This specialization is expressed especially in the androecium (with a high diversity of anther elaborations) and gynoecium (with diversity in stigma shape). The floral structure of 69 species from all major clades of Senna was studied, focusing on heteranthery, anther dehiscence, pore position, extension of the lateral furrow of the thecae, cell wall thickening in the anther tip, and stigma diversity (especially position, form, size, and structure of the orifice and presence of a chamber). Filament union is reported for the first time in the genus; it involves the seven adaxial androecial organs, a pattern unique in legumes. Our investigations identified novel morphological characteristics that are congruent with the clades supported by the molecular phylogeny. Anthers of abaxial stamens with the least differentiated dehiscence pattern, i.e., two separate pores and separate thecae, are found in most major clades (I, III-V, VII). Anthers with apically confluent thecae, forming a shared chamber, and/or with a single pore by confluence of two pores, represent specialized patterns (clades II, IV, VI, VII). Diverse anther tips may reflect different strategies of pollen dispersal; anther pore position may influence pollen flow directions. Anther tip elongation in the abaxial stamens and constriction between the thecae and the anther tip may influence the speed and/or amount of the released pollen. {\copyright} 2007 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.}, address = {Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland}, author = {Marazzi, B. and Conti, E. and Endress, P. K.}, citeulike-article-id = {4938870}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34247641058&partnerID=40}, comment = {References: Bentham, G., Revision of the genus Cassia (1871) Trans Linn Soc Lond, 27, pp. 503-591; Buchmann, S.L., Buzz pollination of Cassia quiedondilla (Leguminosae) by bees of the genera Centris and Melipona (1974) Bull S Calif Acad Sci, 73, pp. 171-173; Buchmann, S.L., Buzz pollination in angiosperm (1983) Handbook of experimental pollination, pp. 73-113. , CE Jones, RJ Little, eds, biology. Scientific \& Academic Editions, New York; Buchmann, S.L., Hurley, J.P., A biophysical model for buzz pollination in angiosperms (1978) J Theor Biol, 72, pp. 639-657; Burck, W., (1886) Notes biologiques. Ann Jard Bot Buitenzorg, 6, pp. 251-265; Carvalho, D.A., Oliveira, P.E., Biologia reprodutiva e polinizacao de Senna sylvestris (Vell.) H.S. Irwin \& Barneby (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) (2003) Rev Bras Bot, 26, pp. 319-328; Castellanos, M.C., Wilson, P., Keller, S.J., Wolfe, A.D., Thomson, J.D., Anther evolution: Pollen presentation strategies when pollinators differ (2006) Am Nat, 167, pp. 288-296; Castellanos, M.C., Wilson, P., Thomson, J.D., Pollen transfer by hummingbirds and bumblebees, and the divergence in pollination modes in Penstemon (2003) Evolution, 57, pp. 2742-2752; Corbet, S.A., Beament, J.W.L., Eisikowitch, D., Are electrostatic forces involved in pollen transfer? (1982) Plant Cell Environ, 5, pp. 125-129; Corbet, S.A., Chapman, H., Saville, N., Vibratory pollen collection and flower form: Bumble-bees on Actinidia, Symphytum, Borago and Polygonatum (1988) Funct Ecol, 2, pp. 147-155; Danet, F., Une esp\`{e}ce et une vari\'{e}t\'{e} nouvelles de Vaccinium (Ericaceae) de Nouvelle-Guin\'{e}e (2005) Adansonia, 27, pp. 281-285; Delgado Salinas, A.O., Sousa S\'{a}nchez, M., Biolog\'{\i}a floral del genero Cass\"{i}a en la regi\'{o}n de Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz (1977) Bol Soc Bot Mex, 37, pp. 5-52; Dulberger, R., The floral biology of Cassia didymobotrya and C. auriculata (Caesalpiniaceae) (1981) Am J Bot, 68, pp. 1350-1360; Dulberger, R., Smith, M.B., Bawa, K.S., The stigmatic orifice in Cassia, Senna, and Chamaecrista (Caesalpiniaceae): Morphological variation, function during pollination, and possible adaptive significance (1994) Am J Bot, 81, pp. 1390-1396; Endress, P.K., (1994) Diversity and evolutionary biology of tropical flowers, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Endress, P.K., Diversity and evolutionary trends in angiosperm anthers (1996) The anther form, function and phylogeny, pp. 92-110. , WG D'Arcy, RC Keating, eds, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Fontanelle, G.B., Contribui\c{c}ao ao estudo de biologia floral de Cassia silvestris Vell.: Considera\c{c}oes anat\^{o}micas (1979) Leandra, 8-9, pp. 49-84; Foug\`{e}re-Danezan, M., (2005) Phylog\'{e}nie mol\'{e}culaire et morphologique des Detarieae r\'{e}sinif\`{e}res (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae): contribution \`{a} l'\'{e}tude de l'histoire biog\'{e}ographique des l\'{e}gumineuses, , Th\`{e}se de doctorat, Universit\'{e} de Montr\'{e}al et Universit\'{e} Paul Sabatier; Gottsberger, G., Silberbauer-Gottsberger, I., Evolution of flower structures and pollination in Neotropical Cassiinae (Caesalpiniaceae) species (1988) Phyton (Horn), 28, pp. 293-320; Harder, L.D., Barclay, R.M.R., The functional significance of poricidal anthers and buzz pollination: Controlled pollen removal from Dodecatheon (1994) Funct Ecol, 8, pp. 509-517; Harder, L.D., Thomson, J.D., Evolutionary options for maximizing pollen dispersal of animal-pollinated plants (1989) Am Nat, 133, pp. 323-344; Hunziker, A.T., (2001) The genera of Solanaceae, , ARG Gantner, Ruggell; Igersheim, A., The character states of the Caribbean monotypic endemic Strumpfia (Rubiaceae) (1993) Nord J Bot, 13, pp. 545-559; Irwin, H.S., Barneby, R.C., Tribe 2: Cassieae Bronn (1981) Advances in legume systematics, (PART 1), pp. 97-106. , RM Pohlhill, PH Raven, eds, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Irwin, H.S., Barneby, R.C., The American Cassiinae (1982) Mem N Y Bot Gard, 35, pp. 1-918; Laporta, C., Floral biology and reproductive system of enantiostylous Senna corymbosa (Caesalpiniaceae) (2003) Rev Biol Trap, 53, pp. 49-61; Laporta, C., Palacios, R.A., Mom, M.P., A new variety of Senna birostris (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) from Argentina (2006) Brittonia, 58, pp. 66-73; Lasseigne, A., Studies in Cassia (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae). III. Anther morphology (1979) Iselya, 1, pp. 141-160; Luteyn, J.L., Notes on Neotropical Vaccinieae (Ericaceae). VI. New species from the Cordillera Vilcaramba and adjacent Eastern Peru (1978) Brittonia, 30, pp. 426-439; Marazzi, B., Endress, P.K., Paganucci de Queiroz, L., Conti, E., Phylogenetic relationships within Senna (Leguminosae, Cassiinae) based on three chloroplast regions: Patterns in the evolution of floral symmetry and extrafloral nectaries (2006) Am J Bot, 93, pp. 288-303; Matthews, M., Endress, P.K., Comparative floral structure and systematics in Oxalidales (Oxalidaceae, Connaraceae, Brunelliaceae, Cephalotaceae, Cunoniaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Tremandraceae) (2002) Bot J Linn Soc, 140, pp. 321-381; Michelangeli, F.A., Two new species of a myrmecophytic Tococa (Melastomataceae) with unusually large floral bracts (2006) Brittonia, 58, pp. 151-155; M\"{u}ller, F., Two kinds of stamens with different functions in the same flower (1883) Nature, 27, pp. 364-365; Owens, S.J., Stigma structure and the pollen-stigma interaction in Caesalpinioideae-Leguminosae (1985) Sexual reproduction in seed plants, ferns and mosses. Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Sexual Reproduction in Seed Plants, Ferns and Mosses, pp. 84-87. , MTM Willemse, JL van Went, eds, Pudoc, Wageningen; Owens, S.J., Lewis, G.P., Taxonomic and functional implications of stigma morphology in species of Cassia, Chamaecrista, and Senna (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) (1989) Plant Syst Evol, 163, pp. 93-105; Randell, B.R., Adaptations in the genetic system of Australian arid-zone Cassia species (1970) Aust J Bot, 18, pp. 77-97; \_ 1988 Revision of the Cassiinae in Australia. 1. Senna Miller sect. Chamaefistula (Colladon) Irwin and Barneby. J Adelaide Bot Gard 11:19-49\_ 1989 Revision of the Cassiinae in Australia. 2. Senna Miller sect. Psilorhegma (J. Vogel) Irwin and Barneby. J Adelaide Bot Gard 12:165-272\_ 1990 Revision of the Cassiinae in Australia. 3. Senna Miller sect. Senna. J Adelaide Bot Gard 13:1-16Singh, V., (2001) Monograph on Indian subtribe Cassiinae, , Caesalpiniaceae, Scientific Editions, Jodhpur; Sleumer, H., Ericaceae (1967) Flora Malesiana Ser I Spermatophyta, 6, pp. 469-914; Snow, A.A., Roubik, D.W., Pollen deposition and removal by bees visiting two tree species in Panama (1987) Biotropica, 19, pp. 57-63; Todd, J.E., On the flowers of Solanum rostratum and Cassia chamaecrista (1882) Am Nat, 16, pp. 281-287; Tucker, S.C., Stamen structure and development in legumes, with emphasis on poricidal stamens of caesalpinioid tribe Cassieae (1996) The anther: Form, function and phylogeny, pp. 236-254. , WG D'Arcy, RC Keating, eds, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Tucker, S.C., Trends in evolution of floral ontogeny in Cassia sensu stricto, Senna, and Chamaecrista (1996) Am J Bot, 83, pp. 687-711; Tucker, S.C., Floral development in tribe Detarieae (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae): Amherstia, Brownea, and Tamarindus (2000) Am J Bot, 87, pp. 1385-1407; van Kleunen, M., Johnson, S.D., Testing for ecological and genetic Allee effects in the invasive shrub Senna didymobotrya (Fabaceae) (2005) Am J Bot, 92, pp. 1124-1130; Venkatesh, C.S., The form, structure and special ways of dehiscence in anthers of Cassia. III. Subgenus Senna (1957) Phytomorphology, 7, pp. 253-273; Weber, M., Igersheim, A., Pollen buds in Ophiorrhiza (Rubiaceae) and their role in pollenkit release (1994) Bot Acta, 107, pp. 257-262; Westerkamp, C., Ricochet pollination in cassias - and how bees explain enantiostyly: Preliminary communication (2004) Solitary bees: Conservation, rearing and management for pollination, pp. 225-230. , BM Freitas, JOP Pereira, eds, Imprensa Universit\'{a}ria, Fortaleza; Wojciechowski, M.S., Lavin, M., Sanderson, M.J., A phylogeny of legumes (Leguminosae) based on analysis of the plastid matK gene resolves many well-supported subclades within the family (2004) Am J Bot, 91, pp. 1846-1862 ---=note-separator=--- Source: Scopus ---=note-separator=--- Export Date: 23 June 2009 ---=note-separator=--- Cited By (since 1996): 4}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Sciences}, keywords = {anther, buzz, dehiscence, dispersal, endress, functional, heteranthery, morphology, pollen, pollination, poricidal, stamen, union}, number = {4}, pages = {371--391}, posted-at = {2009-06-24 00:28:59}, priority = {5}, title = {Diversity in anthers and stigmas in the buzz-pollinated genus Senna (Leguminosae, Cassiinae)}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34247641058&partnerID=40}, volume = {168}, year = {2007} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:4938870 L3 - citeulike-article-id:4938870 N2 - The large genus Senna (Cassiinae, Leguminosae) is an outstanding example of floral structural specialization associated with buzz pollination. This specialization is expressed especially in the androecium (with a high diversity of anther elaborations) and gynoecium (with diversity in stigma shape). The floral structure of 69 species from all major clades of Senna was studied, focusing on heteranthery, anther dehiscence, pore position, extension of the lateral furrow of the thecae, cell wall thickening in the anther tip, and stigma diversity (especially position, form, size, and structure of the orifice and presence of a chamber). Filament union is reported for the first time in the genus; it involves the seven adaxial androecial organs, a pattern unique in legumes. Our investigations identified novel morphological characteristics that are congruent with the clades supported by the molecular phylogeny. Anthers of abaxial stamens with the least differentiated dehiscence pattern, i.e., two separate pores and separate thecae, are found in most major clades (I, III-V, VII). Anthers with apically confluent thecae, forming a shared chamber, and/or with a single pore by confluence of two pores, represent specialized patterns (clades II, IV, VI, VII). Diverse anther tips may reflect different strategies of pollen dispersal; anther pore position may influence pollen flow directions. Anther tip elongation in the abaxial stamens and constriction between the thecae and the anther tip may influence the speed and/or amount of the released pollen. © 2007 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. IS - 4 JF - International Journal of Plant Sciences AD - Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland EP - 391 TI - Diversity in anthers and stigmas in the buzz-pollinated genus Senna (Leguminosae, Cassiinae) VL - 168 SP - 371 KW - anther KW - buzz KW - dehiscence KW - dispersal KW - endress KW - functional KW - heteranthery KW - morphology KW - pollen KW - pollination KW - poricidal KW - stamen KW - union N1 - References: Bentham, G., Revision of the genus Cassia (1871) Trans Linn Soc Lond, 27, pp. 503-591; Buchmann, S.L., Buzz pollination of Cassia quiedondilla (Leguminosae) by bees of the genera Centris and Melipona (1974) Bull S Calif Acad Sci, 73, pp. 171-173; Buchmann, S.L., Buzz pollination in angiosperm (1983) Handbook of experimental pollination, pp. 73-113. , CE Jones, RJ Little, eds, biology. Scientific & Academic Editions, New York; Buchmann, S.L., Hurley, J.P., A biophysical model for buzz pollination in angiosperms (1978) J Theor Biol, 72, pp. 639-657; Burck, W., (1886) Notes biologiques. Ann Jard Bot Buitenzorg, 6, pp. 251-265; Carvalho, D.A., Oliveira, P.E., Biologia reprodutiva e polinizacao de Senna sylvestris (Vell.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) (2003) Rev Bras Bot, 26, pp. 319-328; Castellanos, M.C., Wilson, P., Keller, S.J., Wolfe, A.D., Thomson, J.D., Anther evolution: Pollen presentation strategies when pollinators differ (2006) Am Nat, 167, pp. 288-296; Castellanos, M.C., Wilson, P., Thomson, J.D., Pollen transfer by hummingbirds and bumblebees, and the divergence in pollination modes in Penstemon (2003) Evolution, 57, pp. 2742-2752; Corbet, S.A., Beament, J.W.L., Eisikowitch, D., Are electrostatic forces involved in pollen transfer? (1982) Plant Cell Environ, 5, pp. 125-129; Corbet, S.A., Chapman, H., Saville, N., Vibratory pollen collection and flower form: Bumble-bees on Actinidia, Symphytum, Borago and Polygonatum (1988) Funct Ecol, 2, pp. 147-155; Danet, F., Une espèce et une variété nouvelles de Vaccinium (Ericaceae) de Nouvelle-Guinée (2005) Adansonia, 27, pp. 281-285; Delgado Salinas, A.O., Sousa Sánchez, M., Biología floral del genero Cassïa en la región de Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz (1977) Bol Soc Bot Mex, 37, pp. 5-52; Dulberger, R., The floral biology of Cassia didymobotrya and C. auriculata (Caesalpiniaceae) (1981) Am J Bot, 68, pp. 1350-1360; Dulberger, R., Smith, M.B., Bawa, K.S., The stigmatic orifice in Cassia, Senna, and Chamaecrista (Caesalpiniaceae): Morphological variation, function during pollination, and possible adaptive significance (1994) Am J Bot, 81, pp. 1390-1396; Endress, P.K., (1994) Diversity and evolutionary biology of tropical flowers, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Endress, P.K., Diversity and evolutionary trends in angiosperm anthers (1996) The anther form, function and phylogeny, pp. 92-110. , WG D'Arcy, RC Keating, eds, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Fontanelle, G.B., Contribuiçao ao estudo de biologia floral de Cassia silvestris Vell.: Consideraçoes anatômicas (1979) Leandra, 8-9, pp. 49-84; Fougère-Danezan, M., (2005) Phylogénie moléculaire et morphologique des Detarieae résinifères (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae): contribution à l'étude de l'histoire biogéographique des légumineuses, , Thèse de doctorat, Université de Montréal et Université Paul Sabatier; Gottsberger, G., Silberbauer-Gottsberger, I., Evolution of flower structures and pollination in Neotropical Cassiinae (Caesalpiniaceae) species (1988) Phyton (Horn), 28, pp. 293-320; Harder, L.D., Barclay, R.M.R., The functional significance of poricidal anthers and buzz pollination: Controlled pollen removal from Dodecatheon (1994) Funct Ecol, 8, pp. 509-517; Harder, L.D., Thomson, J.D., Evolutionary options for maximizing pollen dispersal of animal-pollinated plants (1989) Am Nat, 133, pp. 323-344; Hunziker, A.T., (2001) The genera of Solanaceae, , ARG Gantner, Ruggell; Igersheim, A., The character states of the Caribbean monotypic endemic Strumpfia (Rubiaceae) (1993) Nord J Bot, 13, pp. 545-559; Irwin, H.S., Barneby, R.C., Tribe 2: Cassieae Bronn (1981) Advances in legume systematics, (PART 1), pp. 97-106. , RM Pohlhill, PH Raven, eds, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Irwin, H.S., Barneby, R.C., The American Cassiinae (1982) Mem N Y Bot Gard, 35, pp. 1-918; Laporta, C., Floral biology and reproductive system of enantiostylous Senna corymbosa (Caesalpiniaceae) (2003) Rev Biol Trap, 53, pp. 49-61; Laporta, C., Palacios, R.A., Mom, M.P., A new variety of Senna birostris (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) from Argentina (2006) Brittonia, 58, pp. 66-73; Lasseigne, A., Studies in Cassia (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae). III. Anther morphology (1979) Iselya, 1, pp. 141-160; Luteyn, J.L., Notes on Neotropical Vaccinieae (Ericaceae). VI. New species from the Cordillera Vilcaramba and adjacent Eastern Peru (1978) Brittonia, 30, pp. 426-439; Marazzi, B., Endress, P.K., Paganucci de Queiroz, L., Conti, E., Phylogenetic relationships within Senna (Leguminosae, Cassiinae) based on three chloroplast regions: Patterns in the evolution of floral symmetry and extrafloral nectaries (2006) Am J Bot, 93, pp. 288-303; Matthews, M., Endress, P.K., Comparative floral structure and systematics in Oxalidales (Oxalidaceae, Connaraceae, Brunelliaceae, Cephalotaceae, Cunoniaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Tremandraceae) (2002) Bot J Linn Soc, 140, pp. 321-381; Michelangeli, F.A., Two new species of a myrmecophytic Tococa (Melastomataceae) with unusually large floral bracts (2006) Brittonia, 58, pp. 151-155; Müller, F., Two kinds of stamens with different functions in the same flower (1883) Nature, 27, pp. 364-365; Owens, S.J., Stigma structure and the pollen-stigma interaction in Caesalpinioideae-Leguminosae (1985) Sexual reproduction in seed plants, ferns and mosses. Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Sexual Reproduction in Seed Plants, Ferns and Mosses, pp. 84-87. , MTM Willemse, JL van Went, eds, Pudoc, Wageningen; Owens, S.J., Lewis, G.P., Taxonomic and functional implications of stigma morphology in species of Cassia, Chamaecrista, and Senna (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) (1989) Plant Syst Evol, 163, pp. 93-105; Randell, B.R., Adaptations in the genetic system of Australian arid-zone Cassia species (1970) Aust J Bot, 18, pp. 77-97; _ 1988 Revision of the Cassiinae in Australia. 1. Senna Miller sect. Chamaefistula (Colladon) Irwin and Barneby. J Adelaide Bot Gard 11:19-49_ 1989 Revision of the Cassiinae in Australia. 2. Senna Miller sect. Psilorhegma (J. Vogel) Irwin and Barneby. J Adelaide Bot Gard 12:165-272_ 1990 Revision of the Cassiinae in Australia. 3. Senna Miller sect. Senna. J Adelaide Bot Gard 13:1-16Singh, V., (2001) Monograph on Indian subtribe Cassiinae, , Caesalpiniaceae, Scientific Editions, Jodhpur; Sleumer, H., Ericaceae (1967) Flora Malesiana Ser I Spermatophyta, 6, pp. 469-914; Snow, A.A., Roubik, D.W., Pollen deposition and removal by bees visiting two tree species in Panama (1987) Biotropica, 19, pp. 57-63; Todd, J.E., On the flowers of Solanum rostratum and Cassia chamaecrista (1882) Am Nat, 16, pp. 281-287; Tucker, S.C., Stamen structure and development in legumes, with emphasis on poricidal stamens of caesalpinioid tribe Cassieae (1996) The anther: Form, function and phylogeny, pp. 236-254. , WG D'Arcy, RC Keating, eds, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Tucker, S.C., Trends in evolution of floral ontogeny in Cassia sensu stricto, Senna, and Chamaecrista (1996) Am J Bot, 83, pp. 687-711; Tucker, S.C., Floral development in tribe Detarieae (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae): Amherstia, Brownea, and Tamarindus (2000) Am J Bot, 87, pp. 1385-1407; van Kleunen, M., Johnson, S.D., Testing for ecological and genetic Allee effects in the invasive shrub Senna didymobotrya (Fabaceae) (2005) Am J Bot, 92, pp. 1124-1130; Venkatesh, C.S., The form, structure and special ways of dehiscence in anthers of Cassia. III. Subgenus Senna (1957) Phytomorphology, 7, pp. 253-273; Weber, M., Igersheim, A., Pollen buds in Ophiorrhiza (Rubiaceae) and their role in pollenkit release (1994) Bot Acta, 107, pp. 257-262; Westerkamp, C., Ricochet pollination in cassias - and how bees explain enantiostyly: Preliminary communication (2004) Solitary bees: Conservation, rearing and management for pollination, pp. 225-230. , BM Freitas, JOP Pereira, eds, Imprensa Universitária, Fortaleza; Wojciechowski, M.S., Lavin, M., Sanderson, M.J., A phylogeny of legumes (Leguminosae) based on analysis of the plastid matK gene resolves many well-supported subclades within the family (2004) Am J Bot, 91, pp. 1846-1862 N1 - Source: Scopus N1 - Export Date: 23 June 2009 N1 - Cited By (since 1996): 4 AU - Marazzi, B AU - Conti, E AU - Endress, PK PY - 2007/// UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34247641058&partnerID=40 ER -