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Evolution of 3D Development Controlled By A Gene Regulatory Network: The Complexity of The Search Space And Evolvability Export

edited by: K. Klemm, D. Merkle, E. Olbrich

In 8th German Workshop on Artificial Life: Proceedings of the GWAL-8, Leipzig, Germany (January 2008), pp. 11-22.

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alife artificial complexity evo-devo evolution evolvability ga genetic-algorithm grn morphology neutrality search-space shape

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The question of what properties of biological systems allow for efficient evolutionary search in complex fitness landscapes (evolvability) is one of the central interests both for the research in the field of evolutionary biology and artificial life. We hope to be able to address this issue by using a model of 3-dimensional multicellular development in which cell fate is determined by differential gene expression in each cell. The development relies on an indirect mapping between the genotype and the morphology (the phenotype). Cell differentiation is allowed by positional information provided by diffusible factors, and the state of the gene regulatory network coded by the genome determines the cell fate (such us division, death, growth). The connectivity in this network is determined by the proximity of sequences of genetic elements in N-dimensional space. One can imagine these sequences as points in space which approach or move away from each other as the genomes evolve. Changing the number of dimensions of the sequence space allows to ask directly the questions about the effect of the complexity of the search space on the efficiency of the evolutionary search. Our results show that when a genetic algorithm is used, this efficiency is not significantly affected even when the space has high dimensionality.


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