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Feedback connections and operation of the outer plexiform layer of the retina. Export

Curr Opin Neurobiol, Vol. 2, No. 4. (August 1992), pp. 462-468.

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horizonal_cells

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The primary feedback control apparatus in the outer retina is the sign-inverting feedback synapse between horizontal cells and cones. In many lower vertebrates horizontal cells release GABA in darkness, which opens Cl- channels in cones. Input-output relations of the feedback synapse reveal that the synaptic gain is light-dependent with the highest negative gain near the dark horizontal cell potential. The horizontal cell-cone feedback synapse improves the reliability of the photoreceptor output synapses. It also modulates the dynamic range and mediates color opponency and surround responses in second-order retinal neurons.


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