Too real for comfort? Uncanny responses to computer generated faces Export

@article{macdorman09uncanny, abstract = {As virtual humans approach photorealistic perfection, they risk making real humans uncomfortable. This intriguing phenomenon, known as the uncanny valley, is well known but not well understood. In an effort to demystify the causes of the uncanny valley, this paper proposes several perceptual, cognitive, and social mechanisms that have already helped address riddles like empathy, mate selection, threat avoidance, cognitive dissonance, and psychological defenses. In the four studies described herein, a computer generated human character's facial proportions, skin texture, and level of detail were varied to examine their effect on perceived eeriness, human likeness, and attractiveness. In Study I, texture photorealism and polygon count increased human likeness. In Study II, texture photorealism heightened the accuracy of human judgments of ideal facial proportions. In Study III, atypical facial proportions were shown to be more disturbing on photorealistic faces than on other faces. In Study IV, a mismatch in the size and texture of the eyes and face was especially prone to make a character eerie. These results contest the depiction of the uncanny valley as a simple relation between comfort level and human likeness. This paper concludes by introducing a set of design principles for bridging the uncanny valley.}, address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands, The Netherlands}, author = {Macdorman, Karl F. and Green, Robert D. and Ho, Chin C. and Koch, Clinton T.}, citeulike-article-id = {4663358}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1534982}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2008.12.026}, citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0747563208002379}, doi = {10.1016/j.chb.2008.12.026}, issn = {0747-5632}, journal = {Comput. Hum. Behav.}, keywords = {believable, uncanny}, month = {May}, number = {3}, pages = {695--710}, posted-at = {2009-08-25 14:27:05}, priority = {2}, publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.}, title = {Too real for comfort? Uncanny responses to computer generated faces}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2008.12.026}, volume = {25}, year = {2009} }

TY - JOUR ID - macdorman09uncanny L3 - citeulike-article-id:4663358 N2 - As virtual humans approach photorealistic perfection, they risk making real humans uncomfortable. This intriguing phenomenon, known as the uncanny valley, is well known but not well understood. In an effort to demystify the causes of the uncanny valley, this paper proposes several perceptual, cognitive, and social mechanisms that have already helped address riddles like empathy, mate selection, threat avoidance, cognitive dissonance, and psychological defenses. In the four studies described herein, a computer generated human character's facial proportions, skin texture, and level of detail were varied to examine their effect on perceived eeriness, human likeness, and attractiveness. In Study I, texture photorealism and polygon count increased human likeness. In Study II, texture photorealism heightened the accuracy of human judgments of ideal facial proportions. In Study III, atypical facial proportions were shown to be more disturbing on photorealistic faces than on other faces. In Study IV, a mismatch in the size and texture of the eyes and face was especially prone to make a character eerie. These results contest the depiction of the uncanny valley as a simple relation between comfort level and human likeness. This paper concludes by introducing a set of design principles for bridging the uncanny valley. IS - 3 JF - Comput. Hum. Behav. SN - 0747-5632 AD - Amsterdam, The Netherlands, The Netherlands EP - 710 TI - Too real for comfort? Uncanny responses to computer generated faces PB - Elsevier Science Publishers B. V. VL - 25 SP - 695 KW - believable KW - uncanny AU - Macdorman, Karl AU - Green, Robert AU - Ho, Chin AU - Koch, Clinton PY - 2009/05// UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2008.12.026 ER -