Transposon mutagenesis of Pseudomonas syringae (Lz4W) a psychrophilic bacterium capable of growing between 2 to 30 degrees C, yielded thirty cold sensitive mutants and CSM1, one of the cold sensitive mutants, was characterized. Growth of CSM1 is retarded when cultured at 4 degrees C but not when cultured at 22 degrees C and 28 degrees C compared to the wild type cells thus indicating that CSM1 is a cold sensitive mutant of Pseudomonas syringae (Lz4W). The mutated gene in CSM1 was identified as trmE (coding for transfer RNA modification GTPase) and evidence is provided that this gene is induced at low temperature. Further, the cold inducible nature of the trmE promoter has been demonstrated. In addition the transcription start site and the various regulatory elements of the trmE promoter such as the -10 region, -35 region, UP element, cold-box and DEAD-box have been identified and the importance of these regulatory elements in promoter activity have been confirmed. The importance of trmE in the rapid adaptation to growth at low temperature was further highlighted by plasmid-mediated complementation that alleviated the cold-sensitive phenotype of CSM1.